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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 275 (1972), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Sympathomimetic Affinity ; β-Receptors ; Temperature ; Metabolic State ; Isolated Organs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Experiments on isolated organs-rabbit ileum, guinea-pig trachea and atrium — with different “β-receptor subtypes” were carried out in order to determine whether changes of the metabolic state or of the extracellular pH were able to alter the responsiveness of these receptors to sympathomimetic amines. 1. Guinea-Pig Atrium. Lowering of the pH of the bath fluid from 7.48 to 6.79 resulted in a significant decrease of the affinity of isoprenaline (IPN) calculated as the pD2-value. Metabolic inhibition induced by iodoacetic acid (IAA) (5×10−5 M) increased the affinity of Th 1165a. 2. Rabbit Ileum. The affinity of IPN was not changed by lowering the pH, even to values of 6.11. At this pH the spontaneous motility was already markedly impaired. IAA (2.4×10−5 M) caused a moderate increase in the affinity of IPN whereas those of Th 1165a and orciprenaline (OPN) were elevated 10-fold. 3. Guinea-Pig Trachea. Lowering of the pH caused a decrease of the pD2-values of IPN and in particular of Th 1165a. The metabolic inhibitor IAA had no influence upon the pD2 value of IPN. 4. The present results favour the existence of only one type of β-receptor which changes its sensitivity depending on the metabolic state. It seems therefore very likely that the affinity of sympathomimetic drugs depends not only on the structure of the β-receptor but also on the metabolic state of the tissue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1433-8580
    Keywords: Anesthetized cat ; Sympathomimetic drugs ; Bronchoselectivity ; Cardiovascular actions ; Isolated organs ; Katze ; Sympathikomimetika ; Bronchoselektivität ; Kardiale Wirkungen ; Isolierte Organe
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Nach Konzett u. Rößler wurde die bronchorelaxierende Wirkung der Sympathikomimetika Isoprenalin, Th 1165a, Terbutalin und Salbutamol an der narkotisierten Katze gemessen. Weiterhin wurden der Anstieg vondp/dt max, der Herzfrequenz und die Senkung des mittleren arteriellen Druckes bestimmt. Für alle diese Parameter wurden die negativen Logarithmen der EC50 berechnet. — Weitere Versuche wurden an isolierten, elektrisch gereizten Vorhöfen sowie der Trachealkette des Meerschweinchens bei 37°C durchgeführt, um die Affinitäten der verwendeten Sympathikomimetikain vitro zu bestimmen. 1. Narkotisierte Katze. Die maximalen Wirkungen der drei kardiovasculären Parameter von Th 1165a, Terbutalin und Salbutamol waren untereinander vergleichbar und unterschieden sich nicht von denen des Isoprenalins. Der negative Logarithmus der EC50 für den Anstieg vondp/dt max sowie den Frequenzanstieg war für Isoprenalin am größten und nahm in der Reihenfolge Th 1165a, Terbutalin = Salbutamol ab. Das gleiche galt für die Senkung des mittleren arteriellen Druckes. Isoprenalin war etwa 10mal wirksamer als Salbutamol. Dagegen unterschied sich die bronchorelaxierende Wirkung dieser Pharmaka nur um den Faktor von 3. Die Bronchoselektivität definiert als die Differenz der negativen Logarithmen der EC50 für Bronchodilatation und Anstieg vondp/dt max bzw. der Herzfrequenz war für Terbutalin am höchsten. 2. Isolierte Organe. Die Affinität dieser Substanzen, gemessen als pD2-Wert, nahm am Vorhof von 7,76 für Isoprenalin auf 5,03 für Terbutalin ab. Die „intrinsic activity“ betrug 1,0 für Isoprenalin und Th 1165a, aber 0,56 bzw. 0,3 für Terbutalin bzw. Salbutamol. An der Trachealkette hatten alle untersuchten Pharmaka eine intrinsic activity von 1,0. Die Differenz der pD2-Werte für die Bronchorelaxation und die positiv inotrope Wirkung ergab die höchste Selektivität für Salbutamol. 3. Die Ergebnissein vitro zeigen eine spezifische bronchorelaxierende Wirkung von Salbutamol, Terbutalin und Th 1165a. Die Konzentration von Salbutamol für die halbmaximale positiv inotrope Wirkungin vitro war 250mal höher als die für die Relaxation der Trachealkette.In vivo betrug der Konzentrationsabstand zwischen der positiv inotropen Wirkung (dp/dt) und der Bronchodilatation dagegen nur 3,8. Alle untersuchten Pharmaka verursachenin vivo vergleichbare kardiovasculäre Nebenwirkungen, wenn höhere Konzentrationen verwendet werden.
    Notes: Summary In anesthetized cats the bronchodilator action of isoprenaline (IPN), Th 1165a, terbutaline and salbutamol was measured by the method of Konzett and Rößler. Determined were in addition the following cardiovascular effects: increase indp/dt max of the left ventricular pressure and heart rate as well as decrease of mean arterial pressure (MAP). In order to compare the bronchodilator and the cardiovascular efficacy, the negative logarithms of the EC50 were calculated for the parameter aforementioned. — Further experiments were performedin vitro on the isolated electrically driven guinea-pig atrium and on the tracheal chain at 37°C in order to estimate the affinities of theβ sympathomimetics. 1. Anesthetized Cats. The maximal cardiovascular responses for Th 1165a, terbutaline and salbutamol were identical and did not differ from those for isoprenaline. On the other hand, the increase ofdp/dt max and the positive chronotropic effect — expressed as the negative logarithms of the EC50 — declined as follows: isoprenaline \s〉 Th 1165a \s〉 terbutaline = salbutamol. The same was true for the decrease of MAP. IPN was always 10 times more effective than salbutamol. The bronchodilator activity of these drugs differed only by a factor of three. Terbutaline showed the greatest bronchoselectivity, calculated as the difference of the negative logarithms of EC50 for bronchodilation minus that for the increase ofdp/dt max, on the one hand and the corresponding differences between bronchodilation and increase in heart rate on the other. 2. Isolated Organs. The affinity — given as the pD2 value — of these drugs to theβ receptors of the atrium declined from isoprenaline (7.76) to terbutaline (5.03). The intrinsic activities were lower for terbutaline (0.56) and salbutamol (0.3) than for IPN (1.0) and Th 1165a (1.0), whereas on the tracheal chain they were identical (1.0). The subtraction of the pD2 value for the positive inotropic effect from that for tracheal relaxation showed salbutamol most bronchoselectivein vitro. 3. The present results show a high bronchoselective action of salbutamol, terbutaline and Th 1165ain vitro, whereasin vivo their selectivity is much less pronounced. For the drug with the highest bronchoselectivityin vitro — salbutamol — the concentration necessary to evoke a halfmaximal increase of positive inotropic action is 250-fold higher than that for tracheal relaxation.In vivo, on the other hand, only a 3.8-fold higher concentration is required for the increase ofdp/dt max than for bronchodilation. In addition, all three drugs evoke clear cut cardiovascular side effects when using higher concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 275 (1972), S. 95-104 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Temperature ; β-Receptors ; Guinea-Pig Atrium ; Affinity ; Adrenergic Drugs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Using electrically stimulated guinea-pig atria the influence of temperature on the contractility and on the efficacy of some β-sympathomimetic and-lytic drugs, was studied. The following results were obtained. 1. Raising the temperature of the bath fluid from 25–42°C decreased significantly the developed amplitude of contraction under control conditions, whereas dT/dt max values were not altered. The maximal developed tension induced by the sympathomimetic drugs decreased at 42°C. The corresponding dT/dt max values, on the other hand, were increased by elevation of the temperature. 2. The dose-response curves of the sympathomimetic drugs isoprenaline (IPN), Th 1165a and orciprenaline (OPN) were shifted to the right when the temperature was increased from 25–42°C. The affinity of IPN at 33°C was found about 30- and 100-times higher than that of Th 1165a and OPN, respectively. 3. The β-adrenolytic drug pindolol (LB 46), as well as the cardioselective β-blocker, practolol, antagonized the β-sympathomimetic effects evoked by IPN and Th 1165a in a competitive manner. As indicated by the pA2 values, pindolol had a 100-times higher affinity than practolol. The present results lead to the conclusion that, on the guinea-pig atrium, the agonist β-receptor reaction depends on the metabolic rate of this organ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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