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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 81 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The results of 201 24-hour urinary oestriol estimations in 50 twin pregnancies are presented. The 10th, 50th and 90th centiles were approximately 1.7 times higher than those for singleton pregnancies, reflecting the combined weights of the two fetuses. In general, the oestriol values were not low before or after intrauterine death of one fetus or in pregnancies with intrauterine growth retardation. The trends in serial oestriol values were of more relevance in assessing fetal jeopardy than grading the values as normal or low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 77 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fifty-five patients admitted to hospital with the diagnosis of threatened abortion were assessed by means of urinary oestrogen, pregnanediol and chorionic gonadotrophin assays and by vaginal cytology. Oestrogen excretion was abnormally low (below the first percentile for the period of gestation) in 22 patients all of whom aborted, usually within a week of the measurement. Twenty-two of the 33 patients with oestrogen values in the normal pregnancy range had pregnancies which continued and resulted in surviving infants. Eleven patients with normal oestrogen values subsequently aborted. These abortions occurred more than one week after the original assessment and usually in the second trimester. Pregnanediol measure ments provided comparable information. In patients who aborted, vaginal cytology and initial chorionic gonadotrophin levels were less useful investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Forty-one patients with a diagnosis of possible hydatidiform mole were studied by HCG, oestrogen and pregnanediol determinations performed on 24-hour collections of urine. The results were compared with those obtained in a control series involving 5000 HCG analyses, 679 oestrogen analyses and 1080 pregnanediol analyses performed over the relevant period of gestation in single pregnancies which produced surviving infants. Of the 17 patients who were shown to have a hydatidiform mole, 8 (47 per cent) had high HCG levels, 5 (29 per cent) had oestrogen levels below the first percentile for the control series and 5 of 13 patients had low pregnanediol levels (38 per cent). Five of the nine patients with molar pregnancies associated with normal HCG excretion had oestrogen excretion below the first percentile and one of the remaining four with normal oestrogen values had non-pregnancy levels of pregnanediol. Thus the diagnosis of an abnormal pregnancy could be made in 14 of the 17 molar pregnancies studied (82 per cent). Two of the three exceptions had a fetus co-existent with the mole. There were no viable pregnancies when the oestrogen and pregnanediol values were below the first percentile. Oestrogen and/or pregnanediol values in the range consistent with multiple pregnancy were found in four patients with molar pregnancies. In the molar pregnancies there was a correlation between the levels of HCG and the levels of oestrogens and pregnanediol excreted. After evacuation of the mole, the levels of oestrogens and pregnanediol remained elevated for up to three weeks in approximately half of the patients, whereas the HCG levels fell immediately. These findings support the view that in molar pregnancies, levels of oestrogens above 300 μg. per 24 hours and of pregnanediol above 10 mg. per 24 hours are derived mainly from the stimulation of theca lutein cysts in the ovaries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fifteen pregnant women (including one with a twin conception) were studied at the 16th, 28th, 34th and 38th weeks of gestation.Blood pressure increased slightly in late pregnancy in 3 women, including the one with twins; the remainder had normal pregnancies throughout.Plasma concentrations of renin, electrolytes, haemoglobin and proteins, together with plasma volume, osmolality, colloid osmotic pressure and packed cell volume, were measured in all the women; plasma concentrations of aldosterone in 7; and plasma corticosterone and cortisol in 6.Between the 16th and the 38th weeks of gestation there was no significant change in the mean plasma electrolyte concentrations, osmolality, colloid osmotic pressure or haematocrit. Plasma volume increased markedly between the 16th and 34th weeks. The mean plasma protein concentration showed a significant rise between the 28th and 38th weeks.Plasma renin concentration was increased above the non-pregnant range in most, but not all, of the women.Plasma aldosterone concentration was markedly increased in all measurements in each of the 7 women studied, the highest mean value being found at 16 weeks.With the exception of 3 of a total of 24 estimations, plasma corticosterone remained within the normal non-pregnant range.Plasma cortisol was increased above the non-pregnant range at 38 weeks in all the women studied; less consistent increases were found in earlier weeks.Multiple regression analysis revealed no significant correlation between any of the factors measured in the 12 women whose blood pressures remained normal throughout.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 13 (1974), S. 3174-3178 
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 3 (1970), S. 265-267 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 94 (1972), S. 4311-4314 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The clinical details and outcome of eight pregnancies associated with very low oestriol excretion are reported. Three cases were associated with congenital adrenal hypoplasia which was confirmed at autopsy. In the remaining five cases the infants showed no clinical evidence of adrenal insufficiency, and the two placentae which were examined from these pregnancies were found to be deficient in placental sulphatase activity. It is likely that in all five cases placental sulphatase deficiency was present. To date all the reported cases of placental sulphatase deficiency have been with male fetuses and the condition appears to be sex linked.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 78 (1971), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The findings in 30 patients who had urinary oestriol assays performed before the onset of accidental haemorrhage are presented. The correlation between retro-placental haemorrhage and fetal growth retardation is examined.In 4 of the 5 patients who had severe placental abruption causing immediate fetal death the oestriol values were within the normal range. Normal oestriol values therefore provide no assurance against imminent severe placental abruption.Five out of 6 patients with clinically mild accidental haemorrhage had low oestriol excretion values recorded before vaginal haemorrhage occurred. Nine patients who experienced neither abdominal pain nor vaginal haemorrhage during pregnancy had subclinical episodes of retroplacental bleeding with severe impairment of fetoplacental function. Subclinical retroplacental haemorrhage may thus be an important cause of fetal growth retardation and may precede clinically obvious accidental haemorrhage. This would explain the association between accidental haemorrhage and placental insufficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 5 (1972), S. 109-114 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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