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  • 1970-1974  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 23 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Gangliosides were isolated from plaque tissue and normal appearing white matter of multiple sclerosis (MS) brain. All four plaques showed decreased ganglioside concn relative to normal human white matter on a wet wt basis, but significant elevation in terms of dry wt. The wet wt and dry wt concn of MS white matter gangliosides showed smaller but statistically significant decreases below normal. Thin-layer patterns of the plaques showed several departures from normal white matter, including decrease of G4 and G5, and complete loss of G7 (sialosylgalactosylceramide). Most of the plaques had significant elevation of G2A and G3A along with increases of the slower-migrating polysialogangliosides. An additional ganglioside was present between G2 and G2A which was not seen in normal white matter. The TLC pattern of MS white matter gangliosides was essentially normal. The evidence for a general decrease of acidic lipids within normal appearing white matter is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 20 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Wallerian degeneration of the optic nerves of the rat was induced by removal of the eyes. After 54, 66, 76 or 90 days of degeneration a myelin fraction of the nerves was obtained by the procedure of Laatschet al. (1962). The yield of myelin from the degenerated nerves was decreased, but the isolated myelin appeared to be morphologically normal. The proportion of cholesterol in the myelin lipids was slightly increased, whereas that of the ethanolamineglycerophosphatides was decreased and galactolipids were normal. After one‘cycle’of myelin purification, the high-molecular-weight fraction formed a much greater percentage of the total protein in myelin isolated from degenerated optic nerves. After 2–3‘cycles’of purification, the distribution of protein in myelin isolated from degenerated and normal optic nerves was similar, an observation suggesting that the high-molecular-weight fraction in‘1-cycle myelin’from degenerated optic nerves may have been partly attributable to contamination. With the possible exception of ethanolamineglycerophosphatides, our data suggest that there was no preferential breakdown of myelin lipid constituents nor of protein constituents during Wallerian degeneration of rat optic nerve. As assessed by SDS-gel electrophoresis of the water-insoluble particulate fraction, the percentage of myelin protein was markedly decreased after 76 days of degeneration. However, the major myelin protein constituents in this fraction (the two basic proteins and proteolipid protein) appeared to decrease in the same relative proportions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 21 (1973), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Gangliosides were isolated from purified human myelin in a yield of 62 μg of lipid-bound sialic acid per 100 mg of dry myelin. Sialosylgalactosyl ceramide (G7) was found to be a major component of the ganglioside fraction, amounting to 15 per cent of the total sialic acid. It accounted for 10 per cent of lipid-bound sialic acid in adult human white matter, making it the third most abundant ganglioside on a molar basis. These results were obtained with an improved method for isolating total gangliosides in high yield, by employing DEAE-Sephadex column chromatography. Myelin from other mammalian species had considerably less G7, and there were also indications of maturational changes. Both 2-hydroxy and unsubstituted fatty acids were components of the ceramide unit, in a ratio of 3:2, respectively. The overall fatty acid pattern was very similar to that for myelin cerebroside and sulphatide. Long-chain bases included only C18 species, with sphingosine predominating (〉90 per cent). These observations suggest a metabolic relationship between G7 and either cerebroside or sulphatide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 17 (1970), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract— Quantitative analyses of white matter from four brains of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and four control brains were carried out for total and soluble proteins, individual lipid fractions, and their corresponding fatty acids. In three specimens from two of the MS brains there were reductions of cerebrosides and of the C20:1 acid in the ethanolamine glycerophosphatide (EGP) fraction and a slight increase of tetraenes and trienes, while all other components were present in concentrations similar to those in the controls. In three other samples from two of the MS brains, galactolipids were deficient to a greater extent than cholesterol, EGP or CGP (choline glycerophosphatide), while proteins were within the control range. In samples where thinning of myelin was observed in Luxol-blue stained sections, there were proportional decreases of all components. The percentage of C20:1 acid in the EGP fraction was reduced in two of three myelin preparations from corresponding samples of MS white matter, and that of C24:1 acid in the cerebroside fraction was reduced in all three MS myelin preparations when compared with the two controls. The data suggest that inadequacy of the fatty acid elongation process together with deficits of cerebrosides represent one of the early biochemical lesions in the white matter of the MS brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 202 (1972), S. 104-120 
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Sphingolipids ; Ceramides ; Free Fatty Acids ; Multiple Sclerosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Frühere Berichte über Defizite von Sphingolipiden und Nervonsäure in MS-Gehirnen, in welchen Cholesterol und Proteine in normalen Mengen vorhanden waren, leiteten zu Fettsäureanalysen der Sphingolipide und deren Vorläufer, Ceramide und freie Fettsäuren. Kleine Mengen von Ceramiden wurden in allen Gehirnproben gefunden. Diese und die Cerebroside von 2 MS-Gehirnrinden zeigten verminderte Anteile von langkettigen monounsaturierten Fettsäuren. Eine Verminderung der Nervonsäure in Sphingomyelin, in den Ceramiden des MS-Gehirnmarks und in den Plaques war signifikant und war zu einem geringeren Grade vorhanden in den Cerebrosiden und Sulphatiden. Parallel zu diesen Veränderungen war eine Vermehrung der Stearinsäure. Die freien Fettsäuren bestanden in allen Gehirnproben hauptsächlich aus C 16:0-, 18:0-, 18:1- und 20:4- nebst einer kleinen Menge von C 20:4-Fettsäuren. Diese Beobachtungen und das Fehlen der C 26:1-Säure in den Ceramiden berechtigen zum Schlusse, daß Kettenverlängerung und Desaturierung einen wesentlichen Anteil der in vivo-Biosynthese darstellen und daß dieser Prozeß in den MS-Gehirnen mangelhaft ist. Diese Befunde werden im Zusammenhang mit den Berichten anderer Forscher bezüglich biochemischer und immunologischer Veränderungen in MS-Gehirnen diskutiert. Psychosin, ein anderer Vorläufer der Sphingolipide, wurde in keinem der Gehirne gefunden.
    Notes: Summary In view of the deficits of sphingolipids and of nervonic acid in presence of normal quantities of cholesterol and total proteins in MS white matter reported earlier, the fatty acids of these lipids and of their possible precursors were analyzed. Small quantities of ceramides were present in all specimens. These, as well as the cerebrosides of 2 MS gray matters showed decreased ratios of long chain monounsaturated fatty acids. Reduction of the ratio of nervonic acid was succinct in the sphingomyelins and ceramides of several MS white matters and of the plaques, and was noted, to a lesser degree, in their cerebrosides and sulfatides. This was associated with an increase of the stearic acid ratio. Free fatty acids of both gray and white matter contained large proportions of C 16:0, 18:0, 18:1 and 20:4, and only minimal ones of C 24:0 acids. These findings in addition to absence of C 26:1 acid in ceramides suggest that elongation and desaturation are taking place during in vivo biosynthesis of cerebrosides and sphingomyelins. These processes appear to be deficient in MS and are discussed in context with biochemical and immunologic findings by other authors. Psychosine was not found in any of the adult or in one infants brain and its role as an in vivo precursor for sphingolipids is questionable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 250 (1974), S. 243-245 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Specific precipitating antiserum to purified ChAc7 was prepared in albino male guinea pigs (600?700 g) as follows. Each animal received an emulsion containing 225 µg of ChAc, 0.7 ml 0.85% saline and 0.7 ml complete Freund's adjuvant (3.5 mg Myobacterium tuberculosis H37RA) by intradermal ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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