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  • 1970-1974  (6)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 95 (1973), S. 3970-3976 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 107 (1974), S. 3287-3325 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Photoreactivity of Geometrically Fixed 1,5-Dienes: the exo-Tricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]nonadiene SystemThe preparation and photochemical behavior of the tricyclic 1,5-dienes 12a, b-15 are described. The main pathway in the photoreactions involves formation of the respective isomers 25a, b, 35, 43 and 49 which  -  preferentially on sensitized irradiation or thermal activation  -  are converted to the bicyclic trienes 27a, b, 36, 46 (only thermally) and 50. Additionally, photolysis of 12a, b-14 leads to dimeric products to which the structures 26a, b 34, and 44/45  -  the result of head to head cycloaddition between the cyclobutene C=C-double bonds  -  are tentatively assigned on the basis of spectroscopic data and some chemical evidence obtained in the case of 34. Irradiation of the diphenyl-tetraester 15 produces 49 as the major compound and the endo-diene 51 as a second primary photoisomer which subsequently undergoes cyclization to the homocubane 52. However, 52 is photochemically instable, too, and decomposes in a novel fragmentation reaction affording 1,2,3,4-tetramethoxycarbonylbenzene (53) and the  -  not directly observed  -  1,2-diphenylcyclopropene (74) which reacts to the actually isolated 1,2,4,5-tetraphenylbenzene (54). The phototransformations obtained with the 1,5-dienes 12a, b-15 proceed much faster in the sensitized runs than on direct excitation and  -  with the exception of 15  -  give rise to a more favorable mass balance. No definite conclusions concerning the multiplicities of the reacting states are reached so far. The mechanism proposed for the isomerisation reactions of 12-15 suggests the formation of a bis-allyl radical (type59) as an intermediate; a correlation with photoelectronspectroscopic results obtained with 7-9 is discussed.
    Notes: Die Darstellung und das photochemische Verhalten der tricyclischen 1.5-Diene 12a, b-15 werden beschrieben. Hauptprodukte der Lichtreaktionen sind in allen Fällen Derivate des isomeren Tricyclus 58 (25a, b, 35, 43 und 49), die vorzugsweise unter Sensibilisierungsbedingungen oder bei thermischer Aktivierung zu den bicyclischen Trienen 27a, 36, 46 (nur thermisch) und 50 isomerisieren. Die Photolyse von 12a, b-14 führt zusätzlich zu Dimeren, für welche die aus Kopf-Kopf-Addition zwischen den Cyclobuten-C=C-Doppelbindungen resultierenden Strukturen 26a, b, 34 und 44/45 auf Grund der spektroskopischen Daten und der für 34 erhaltenen chemischen Informationen vorgeschlagen werden. Bei Bestrahlung der Diphenylverbindung 15 bildet sich neben dem Isomeren 49 das endo-Dien 51 als weiteres primäres Photoprodukt, welches in einer Folgereaktion zu dem Homokuban 52 cyclisiert. 52 ist ebenfalls photolabil und zerfällt in einer neuartigen Fragmentierungsreaktion zu 1,2,3,4-Benzoltetracarbonsäure- tetramethylester (53) und dem nicht direkt beobachten, in 1,2,4,5-Tetraphenylbenzol (54) übergehenden 1,2-Diphenylcyclopropen (74). Sämtliche Photoumlagerungen der Nonadiene 12a, b-15 verlaufen unter den Bedingungen der Triplettsensibilisierung weitaus schneller als bei der direkten Anregung und  -  mit Ausnahme von 15  -  mit einer günstigeren Stoffbilanz. Eine endgültige Aussage über die Multiplizität der reagierenden Zustände ist bisher nicht möglich. Der für die Isomerisierungsreaktionen von 12-15 vorgeschlagene Mechanismus über ein intermediäres Bis-allylradikal vom Typ 59 wird im Zusammenhang mit photoelektronenspektroskopischen Ergebnissen an 7-9 diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 3078-3093 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemistry of 9-Oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.02.5]nonadienes; Synthesis of 9-Oxa-homocubane DerivativesThe photochemistry of methoxycarbonyl-substituted 9-oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.02.5]nonadienes (6) has been investigated. Direct irradiation of 6a, b, c involves three different reaction pathways affording the dimers 7a, b, c, the fragmentation products 8a, b, c, 9, and the isomers 10a, b, c. The benzophenone-sensitized excitation of 6a, b, c yields in addition to 7a, b, c and 10a, b, c the 9-oxa-homocubane derivatives 18a, b, c. Either by direct or triplet-sensitized irradiation the rearrangement 6 → 10 is shown to be reversible. In a mechanistic interpretation of the transformations 6 ⇄ 10 and 6 → 18 the bis-allyl radical 20 is proposed to be a common intermediate. The spectral data of the photoproducts - including the n.m.r.-analysis of the homocubanes 18 - are briefly discussed.
    Notes: Die Photochemie von methoxycarbonyl-substituierten 9-Oxa-tricyclo[4.2.1.02.5]nonadienen (6) wurde untersucht. Bei der direkten Belichtung reagieren 6a, b, c auf drei verschiedenen Wegen zu den Dimeren 7a, b, c, den Fragmentierungs-Produkten 8a, b, c, 9 und den Isomeren 10a, b, c. Zusätzlich zu 7a, b, c und 10a, b, c werden bei der benzophenon-sensibilisierten Anregung von 6a, b, c die Oxa-homokubane 18a, b, c gebildet. Es wird gezeigt, daß die Isomerisierung 6 → 10 bei direkter oder triplett-sensibilisierter Belichtung reversibel ist. In einer mechanistischen Deutung der Umwandlungen 6 ⇄ 10 und 6 → 18 wird das Bisallyl-Radikal 20 als ein gemeinsames Intermediärprodukt vorgeschlagen. Die spektroskopischen Daten der Photoprodukte - einschließlich der NMR-Analyse der Homokubane 18 - werden kurz diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 107 (1974), S. 1957-1970 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [2π+2π]-Photocycloaddition Reactions in Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene DerivativesAs exemplified by the dieser 14a a [2π + 2π]-photocycloaddition in the bicyclo[2.2.2]octadiene skeleton is possible by direct - not, however, by sensitized - excitation. Besides a small fragmentation to dimethylphthalate (and ethylene) no other phototransformation of 14a takes place. With a half-life of ca. 12 min at 19°C the photoproduct 15a is thermally isomerized back to the diene diester 14a. Via a regiospecific addition of HCl, methanol and water to the tetracycles 15a and 15b (H2O) the epimeric products 18, 19 are isolated in a ratio of ca. 9:1. Their structure is elucidated by oxidation of 18c to 21 and 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopic comparison with the isomeric compounds 20 and 22, resp., synthesized by a different route. Towards bishomodienophilic reagents like tetracyanoethylene and dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate 15a shows the expected reactivity. The addition proceeds at the nonsubstituted edge of the bishomocyclobutadiene unit yielding 24, and 26.
    Notes: Am Beispiel des Diesters 14a wird gezeigt, daß auch im Bicyclo[2.2.2]octadien-Gerüst durch direkte Lichtanregung -nicht jedoch sensibilisiert - eine [2π + 2π]-Cycloaddition möglich ist. Außer einer geringfügigen Fragmentierung zu Phthalsäure-dimethylester (und Äthylen) findet keine konkurrierende Photoumwandlung von 14a statt. Mit einer Halbwertszeit von ca. 12 min bei 19°C isomerisiert sich das Photoprodukt 15a zurück zum Dien-diester 14a. Bei der regiospezifischen Addition von HCl, Methanol und Wasser an die Tetracyclen 15a, 15b (H2O) werden die Epimeren 18, 19 im Verhältnis von ca. 9:1 isoliert. Deren Struktur ist durch Oxidation von 18c zu 21 sowie 1H-NMR-spektrometrischen Vergleich mit den auf anderem Weg synthetisierten Isomeren 20 und 22 gesichert. Auch gegenüber bishomodienophilen Partnern wie Tetracyanäthylen oder Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester besitzt 15a die erwartete Reaktivitat. Die Addition erfolgt stereospezifisch an die nichtsubstituierte Kante des Bishomocyclobutadienteils zu 24 und 26.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A comparative photoelectron spectroscopical investigation of the title compound (11) and its 3,4- and 7,8-dihydro derivatives (9 and 10) indicates that a considerable ‘through bond’ interaction exists between the π-orbitals in 11. The PE. spectra of the 3,4-diaza-analogue of 10 and 11, which contain a cis azo group in a four-membered ring, yield a splitting Δn (4-memb. ring) = 1.55-1.60 eV between the nitrogen lone-pair orbital energies. This value contrasts with those obtained for a three-membered ring analogue (3,3-dimethyldiazirine (5), Δn (3-memb. ring) = 3.55 eV) and for a five-membered ring analogue (2,3-diazanorbornene (7) Δn(5-memb. ring) = 3.10 eV). The sequence Δn (3-memb. ring) 〉 Δn (4-memb. ring) Δn (5-memb. ring) is satisfyingly reproduced by MINDO/2- and EHT-calculations for the model systems with n = 3,4,5. A similar trend can be deduced from MINDO/2-calculations for cis-diimid where Δn becomes minimal for a N=N—H angle ϕ ≈ 100°, whereas Δn for the corresponding trans-structure goes through a maximum in this region. The experimental finding as well as the calculated results confirm the predictions made by Gimarc [15] who attributes the behaviour of Δn for cis-azo groups to a ‘through-bond’ interaction of the n+-orbital with a lowerlying N—N σ-orbital; this interaction becomes maximal for N=N—R angles of the size present in a fourmembered ring, e.g. in 12 or 13.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Helvetica Chimica Acta 56 (1973), S. 1944-1947 
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In earlier work on the photolysis of derivatives of tricyclo[4.2.1.02,5]nonadiene (I), the intermediacy of a biallyl-like structure has been postulated which is formed by C1-C2 bond cleavage of I in its first excited state. This mechanism is now supported by the results of photoelectron spectroscopical studies on I and its two dihydroderivatives. Further support is gained from the theoretically calculated Ehrenson C1-C2-bond indices for the ground and the first excited state of these molecules. While the results for I in principle can be rationalized on the (one-electron) basis of ‘through bond’ interaction between the two π-bonds, the absence of C1-C2 photocleavage for a substituted tricyclo[4.2.2.02,5]decadiene also requires consideration of an (all-electron) thermochemical driving force.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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