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  • 1970-1974  (10)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy transport to molten flowing polymer systems: II. Analysis of data and development of temperature profiles with axial length (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 402-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Energy transport to molten, flowing polymer has been studied. Experimental temperature profiles were determined at various axial lengths. These data are both precise and reproducible. Viscous dissipation was found to be a significant factor in these systems. In addition, sizable thermal expansion cooling effects were noted. It was also shown that the effect of viscous dissipation on Nusselt number was a function of Graetz number. At high Graetz numbers viscous dissipation had a sizable effect that declined to negligible proportions at Graetz values of 7 or less. Prior theoretical treatment of temperature profile development is shown to be only qualitatively correct.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120603
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy transport to molten flowing polymer systems: I. Development of an apparatus to obtain temperature profiles (1972)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 12 (1972), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An improved apparatus for studying temperature profiles in molten, flowing polymers has been developed. The apparatus incorporates modifications and improvements of earlier temperature profile devices. In addition, this unit made it possible to study temperature profile development as a function of axial flow length. Data taken with the apparatus were found not only to be precise and highly reproducible but also to show the proper trends with respect to physical behavior.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760120602
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusion in polyelectrolyte solutions (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3761-3768 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Diffusion in polyelectrolyte solutions was studied. The mass transfer was determined by an electrochemical technique which involved transport from the fluid to the tube wall. It was found that diffusion behavior depended on the ionic nature of the diffusing species. Neutral molecules showed an increase in diffusion coefficients. This was apparently due to both solvation of solvent molecules and extension of polymer molecules. Ionic diffusing species showed a decrease in diffusion coefficients. The greater the ionic strength, the greater the decrease. The effect was most likely due to ionic interaction with the polyelectrolyte molecules.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171217
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of interfacial polycondensation in a continuous reaction system (1974)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 18 (1974), S. 3057-3068 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A study was made of the interfacial polycondensation of nylon 6-10 in a continuous reaction system since no previous detailed work of this type was reported in the literature. An experimental stirred-flow reactor was used to determine both yield and intrinsic viscosity (molecular weight) as functions of reactant ratio (sebacoyl chloride/hexamethylenediamine) and Reynolds number. It was found that mass transfer was the controlling factor in the reaction system. The yield as a function of Reynolds number correlated directly with the behavior of mass transfer coefficient. In addition, reactant ratio effects on yield were shown to relate to change in organic phase volume. Intrinsic viscosity was a maximum in the same reactant ratio range as for batch and continuous cascade systems studied earlier. Intrinsic viscosity behavior was also shown to relate to mass transfer. The jD data for the reactor systems were also determined. These values were shown to correlate if normalized for reactant ratio.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1974.070181014
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat transfer to flowing thermally softened polymers (1973)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 13 (1973), S. 287-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Heat transfer to a flowing thermally softened polymer (polymethylmethacrylate) has been studied. Experimental temperature profiles were determined at various axial lengths. The data are both precise and reproducible. Sizeable viscous dissipation was found to occur. This effect was found to be greater for polymethylmethacrylate than a molten polymer (polyethylene). Cooling as well as heating data were found in this work. The experimentally determined data checked qualitatively with the data computed from a prior analytical solution of the equations of motion and energy.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760130408
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An equation of state for molten polymers (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 3293-3303 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A simple, generalized equation of state has been developed for molten polymers. The equation yielded calculated pressure-volume-temperature data that deviated by 1% or less from experimentally determined data. The use of the equation requires only that the polymer's glass temperature and density at 25°C and 1 atm be known. Polymer glass temperatures can also be estimated with the equation.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070171105
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mass transfer in drag reducing fluid systems (1972)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 18 (1972), S. 138-141 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of drag reducing agents on mass transfer in fluid systems was studied. The mass transfer was determined by an electrochemical technique which involved transport of mass from the fluid to the tube wall. It was found that the drag reducing agents retarded mass transfer in turbulent but not in laminar systems. The effect on mass transfer was shown to be comparable to that on heat transfer. The Wells correlation for heat ransfer was shown to be comparable to that on heat transfer. The Wells correlation for heat transfer reducing systems was empolyed for mass transfer. In addition, correlations for Stanton number were determined for mass transfer in drag reducing systems. TextRole IndicatorTermsDDrag reducing agentsEDrag reductionHMass transferJElectrochemical techniqueDPolyox solutionsHTurbulent systemsHLaminur systemsHSchmidt numberHPrandtl numberHMomentum transferHHeat transferHStanton numberHMass transfer entry region
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690180125
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Viscoelastic behavior of molten polymers in porous media (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 281-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The modification of the Blake-Kozeny equation for porous media flow using the power law has been shown to hold for molten polymers as well as for the previous cases for polymer solutions. The present work extended the correlation of friction factor with Reynolds number an additional three decades.It was also shown, however, that the modified Blake-Kozeny equation broke down when bed shear rates were in the range of excessive curvature on the polymer flow curves (shear stress-shear rate). In such cases it is suggested that the Newtonian Blake-Kozeny equation, together with apparent viscosity data, could be used to correlate such porous media flow of non-Newtonians.Appearance of viscoelastic effects at the critical Deborah number value of 0.05 predicted earlier were not found to hold. The data of the present investigation show that such a critical value must be at least 0.19 or even higher. This result helps to resolve partially the anomalous results obtained by previous investigators.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170209
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flow of dilatant (shear-thickening) fluids (1971)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 17 (1971), S. 725-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The conduit laminar flow of dilatant (shear-thickening) fluids was investigated. It was found that such flow agreed with the Metzner-Reed (friction factor-modified Reynolds number) correlation previously verified only for pseudoplastic fluids. The agreement was found to hold even for cases where the flow behavior index was 2.0 or greater, which caused the velocity term V in the modified Reynolds number Dn′ V2-n′/gc8n-1 K′ to be raised to the zero or a negative power. It was also demonstrated that conduit laminar flow for dilatant (shear-thickening) fluids could be described solely with the Metzner-Reed correlation and rheological data taken with a small-scale laboratory viscometer. Studies of flow through fittings (90-deg. elbows, globe valves, and couplings) showed a definite effect for non-Newtonian fluids contrary to previous reports for pseudoplastics which indicated essentially Newtonian behavior.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690170341
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melting behavior of ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 8 (1970), S. 1623-1636 
    Details
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Prior research on the melting behavior of ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes could not be effectively evaluated since there were large differences in the levels of comonomer contents. The present research was undertaken to determine additional data so that an overall evaluation could be made. A consideration of the experimental data of the present work and earlier research data showed that methyl side groups caused less diffuse melting and less melting point depression than either ethyl groups or polyethylene branches. In addition, it was found that the Flory equation can be used to describe the relation of melting point depression to foreign group concentration for propylene copolymers. The equation did not hold for 1-butene-ethylene copolymers or branched polyethylenes. For these materials the Wunderlich modification of the Flory equation applied. Activity values for both 1-butene-ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes gave a common correlation with foreign groups. Enthalpy and entropy fusion data for ethylene copolymers and branched polyethylenes were also determined. It was also shown that good agreement was found between crystallinities for these materials determined independently by differential thermal analysis and x-ray analysis.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1970.150080702
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