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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 364 (1974), S. 137-144 
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Angioblastic Meningioma ; Hemangioblastoma ; Hemangiopericytoma ; Specific Red Cell Adherence ; Endothelial Cell ; Interstitial cell ; Pericyte
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of blood group isoantigens in vascular endothelium cells was used in order to identify cells of endothelial origin in CNS tumors. 70 cerebrospinal tumors coded as “angioblastic meningiomas” and 30 cerebellar hemangioblastomas were examined for the detection of BG isoantigens by the specific red cell adherence (SRCA) test by Davidson (1972). In cerebellar and supratentorial hemangioblastomas a positive SRCA reaction in endothelial cells forming the prominent component of this neoplasm was opposed by a negative reaction in the large majority of interstitial (stroma) cells that argues against their endothelial origin. Identical behavior of SCRA test supports the histogenetic identity of hemangioblastomas and angioblastic meningiomas. A consistently negative SRCA reaction in cerebrospinal hemangiopericytomas except for the endothelial cells lining the capillaries supports the concept of a non-endothelial (pericytic) histogenesis of this neoplasm. Richly vascularized meningiomas with positive SRCA reaction restricted to vascular endothelial cells can be separated from angioblastic meningiomas, although transition forms are likely to occur. Angioblastic meningiomas suggested to originate from vasoformative elements (endothelium and pericytes) were found to represent 3.2 percent of a biopsy sample of 660 cases with cerebrospinal meningiomas. Their relationship to primary meningeal neoplasms needs further elucidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 22 (1970), S. 181-193 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A report is given on the frequency and histological features of supratentorial ependymomas in adults: In an unselected material of 2000 neoplasms of the CNS 90 (=4.5%) ependymomas were found, 16 of the spinal cord and 74 intracranial ones. 36 (=49%) of the latter were located infratentorially and 38 (=51%) above the tentorium; 12 (=31.5%) of these tumours occurred in adults between 21 and 65 years of age. By applying a grading system I–III six of these 12 cases could be classified as grade I (benign), four as grade II (moderately malignant) and two as grade III (highly malignant). From these findings and a critical review of the literature is concluded that supratentorial ependymomas not infrequently occur in adults. In a relatively high percentage they show histologically malignant features.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bericht über Häufigkeit und morphologisches Bild von Großhirnependymomen im Erwachsenenalter in einem unausgewählten Beobachtungsgut: unter rund 2000 Geschwülsten des ZNS und seiner Anhangsgebilde fanden sich 90 (=4,5%) Ependymome, und zwar 16 des Rückenmarkes und 74 intrakranielle. Davon waren 36 (=49%) infra- und 38 (=51%) supratentoriell lokalisiert. Unter letzteren fanden sich 12 (=31,5%) bei Erwachsenen im Alter von 21 bis 65 Jahren. Bei einer orientierenden histologischen Klassifikation in drei Grade konnten davon sechs Fälle dem Grad I (isomorph), vier dem Grad II (mäßig malign) und zwei dem Grad III (hochgradig malign) zugeordnet werden. Aus diesen Befunden und einer kritischen Analyse des Schrifttums ergibt sich, daß supratentorielle Ependymome auch im Erwachsenenalter relativ häufig vorkommen und es sich dabei nicht selten um histologisch maligne Formen handelt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 26 (1972), S. 327-337 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 138 (1972), S. 145-154 
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Human Cerebellum ; Cerebellar nuclei ; Matrix cell nests ; Heterotopias ; External granular layer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histological study of the cerebella of 172 randomly collected human infant necropsies ranging in age from 30 weeks gestation to 6 months disclosed in 38.5% of the cases less than 4 months of age the presence of nests of embryonic cells, indistinguishable from those composing the external granular layer. The frequency of these matrix cell groups was greater in premature and full-term infants up to 4 weeks than in elder infants. They were more frequently seen in the dentates than in the roof nuclei, but in 25% of the cases occurred in both regions. Bilateral occurrence was more frequent than unilateral. Association with minor anomalies of the cerebellum, including dysplastic and dystopic gyri, was seen in 40%. The occurrence of embryonic cell nests in the deep cerebellar nuclei was without relation to any primary lethal disease including CNS malformations and anomalies in other organs, although cerebellar heterotopias of both granular cells and large neurons are common in trisomy syndromes. Neuronal heterotopias in the cerebellar white matter were exceedingly rare. It is concluded that in the deep cerebellar nuclei nests of undifferentiated cells which seem to dissolve by the 4th postnatal month, i.e. at the same time as the external granular cortical layer, are either, normal or insignificant variations of normal development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 30 (1974), S. 188-189 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Klappenähnliche Intimapolster sind im Hundeauge (Rasse Beagles) konstant an Ästen der A. ciliaris posterior (Cilio-retinal-Arterien) und an Astabgängen der A.ciliaris anterior und A. iridis lateralis nahe der Basis des Proc. ciliaris sowie gelegentlich im Verlauf der A. ciliaris anterior durch die Sklera nachweisbar. Nach Lage und Aufbau handelt es sich um Regulationsmechanismen für die Blutversorgung von Retina, Iris und Ziliarkörper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 16 (1970), S. 141-147 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Crigler-Najjar Syndrome ; Congenital Nonhemolytic Jaundice ; Cerebral Lesions ; Hyperbilirubinemia ; Kernicterus ; Bilirubin Encephalopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bericht über neuropathologische Befunde eines Falles von kongenitalem nichthämolytischen Ikterus (Crigler-Najjar-Syndrom) mit anhaltender excessiver Hyperbilirubinämie. Das Gehirn des im Alter von 8 Monaten in einem Decerebrationszustand verstorbenen Knaben zeigte schwere Läsionen verschiedenen Alters: symmetrische Verödung und gliöse Vernarbung in makroskopisch blaß erscheinenden Teilen der Basalkerne—Pallidum, Corpus Luysii, lateraler Thalamus und reticuläre Nigrazone—sowie frischere Veränderungen nach Art spongiöser partieller Gewebsnekrosen mit intensiver gliös-mesenchymaler Reaktion in den makroskopisch gelb verfärbten Regionen der Großhirnrinde, des Ammonshorns und Striatums. Daneben bestand subtotale diffuse Kleinhirnrindenatrophie mit symmetrischer Zahnkernverödung und Olivenatrophie. Die erhobenen Befunde weisen darauf hin, daß es bei anhaltender Erhöhung des indirekten Serum-Bilirubins nicht nur in der unmittelbaren Neugeborenenperiode, sondern auch im späteren Alter zur Hirnschädigung kommen kann. Die Pathogenese der ZNS-Veränderungen wird in Hinblick auf einige experimentelle Befunde diskutiert.
    Notes: Summary The neuropathological findings in a case of congenital non-hemolytic jaundice (Crigler-Najjar syndrome) with sustained excessive hyperbilirubinemia are reported. The male infant died in a decerebrate state at the age of 8 months. Cerebral lesions of different age were found: symmetric neuronal depletion and gliosis in macroscopically pale areas of the basal ganglia, i.e. pallidum, subthalamic nucleus, lateral parts of thalamus and zona reticularis nigrae. Recent lesions akin to spongy partial necrosis with intense glial-mesodermal reaction affected the cerebral cortex, Ammon's horn and striatum which showed macroscopically a yellow discoloration. In addition, diffuse subtotal cortical atrophy of cerebellum with symmetric dentate atrophy and atrophy of the inferior olives were seen. The reported findings indicate that prolonged increase of serum levels of indirect bilirubin may cause cerebral lesions also beyond the immediate neonatal period. The pathogenesis of CNS-lesions associated with hyperbilirubinemia is discussed in the view of some experimental data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 17 (1971), S. 283-286 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Subacute Spongiform Encephalopathy ; Jakob-Creutzfeldt Disease ; Intranuclear Inclusions ; Glial Cells
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Kerneinschlüsse vom Typ A wurden in Gliazellen eines Autopsiefalles von subakuter spongiöser Encephalopathie beobachtet. Ihre Genese und ätiologische Bedeutung sind unklar.
    Notes: Summary Type A inclusions were observed in glial cells from necropsy material from a case of subacute spongiform encephalopathy. Their origin and aetiological significance are obscure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 18 (1971), S. 257-261 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; Systematic Candidiasis ; Encephalitis ; Moniliasis ; Microabscesses ; Mycotic Myositis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two necropsy cases of systemicCandida albicans infection with involvement of the kidney, lung and brain are reported. Both patients died from renal failure. In the brain there was a miliary spread of microabscesses and granuloma-like lesions, and Candida was evident within both types of lesion. In case 2, there was additional involvement of skleletal muscle and diaphragma with focal-grouped and single-scattered necrotic muscle fibres and small granulomas containing fungus elements accompanied by mild neurogenic atrophy of skeletal muscle due to “uremic” neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 19 (1971), S. 347-352 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Progressive Supranuclear Palsy ; Heterogenous System Degeneration ; Subcortical Argyrophilic Dystrophy ; Neurofibrillary Tangles ; Brain Stem
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two female cases of progressive supranuclear palsy (“heterogeneous system degeneration”) with histological findings are reported. Clinically, vertical gaze palsy, dystonia, akinesia, pseudobulbar palsy and mental impairment were prominent. Pathologically, widespread appearance of neurofibrillary tangles of the subcortical type in the brain stem and basal ganglia was associated with neuronal loss and gliosis in the substantia nigra, subthalamic nuclei and pallidum. There was less severe affection of the dentate nuclei and minimal cortical involvement. The distribution of changes in “subcortical argyrophilic dystrophy” is critically compared with and separated from brain stem affection in (pre)senile Alzheimer's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 25 (1973), S. 291-306 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Germ Cell Tumours ; Dysgerminomas ; Germinoma ; Embryonal Carcinoma ; Endodermal Sinus Tumour ; Teratoma ; “Mixed” Neoplasms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A histological study has been made of a retrospective series of 17 primary intracranial germ cell tumours found in a collection of 3550 intracranial neoplasms (incidence of 0.48%). All, except for two differentiated teratomas (one extracerebral in a neonate and another in the lateral ventricle), were situated in the midline in persons aged 5 to 37 years (13 males, 4 females). 12 tumours were located in or originated from the (para)pineal region, two of them also invaded the hypothalamus, while three germinomas occupied the retrochiasmal (supra/intrasellar) region without pineal involvement. There were 11 rather pure tumours (7 germinomas, 4 teratomas of various differentiation) and six “mixed” neoplasms (2 germinomas with teratoid areas, 3 embryonal carcinomas containing elements of endodermal sinus tumour, choriocarcinoma and germinoma, and one teratocarcinoma with endodermal sinuses). Only one case showed prominent features of endodermal sinus tumour, but characteristic elements of this type were present in four other “mixed” tumours. All germinomas and germinomatous parts of mixed neoplasms showed an inflammatory reaction of varying intensity, in 6 cases associated with multinucleated giant cells, which may be related to the prognosis of these tumours (one patient with hypothalamic germinoma is alive 6 years after radiotherapy). The close structural similarities between the various types of intracranial and gonadal dysgerminomas and their frequent combination within the same tumour support the concept of a common histogenesis of germ cell tumours regardless of their site of origin. Difficulties of classification may arise from the rather frequent occurrence of “mixed” germ cell neoplasms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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