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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An immuno-histochemical method for localisation of enzymes in tissue sections: The use of antibody bound to tissue antigen and its property of binding crossreactive soluble antigen (1973)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 37 (1973), S. 251-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A new immuno-histochemical method, based on bivalency of antibodies, has been developed for the localization of enzymes in tissue section. Both monovalent and divalent antibodies act against a particular enzyme through their binding to inhibit the hydrolytic activity of this enzyme. However, only divalent antibodies so bound, are capable of further binding added soluble antigen. This additional binding was shown to occur by measuring both the binding of fluorescent labelled antigen and the increase in enzymatic activity concomitant with this binding. The increased activity is up to at least twice that in the original tissue section. These findings are consistent with the interpretation that divalent antibodies bind to antigenic determinants with only one of their binding sites and that their second binding site is then available to bind added soluble antigen. This technique can be used both qualitatively and quantitatively. Its use is demonstrated here with both the membrane bound enzyme aminopeptidase and the cytoplasmic enzymes lactate dehydrogenase I (B4) and V (A4).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00304186
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Possible precursors of aminopeptidase and alkaline phosphatase in the proximal tubules of kidney and the crypts of small intestine of mice (1974)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 38 (1974), S. 43-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two hydrolytically inactive proteins, one having common antigenic determinants with aminopeptidase and the other with alkaline phosphatase, have been localised in the apical cytoplasm of crypt cells of small intestine and in the cytoplasm of proximal convoluted tubules. In addition, the two proteins are also differently heat labil. Although they could not be detected with mere histochemical stain methods, they were detected by the immunofluorescence sandwich technique using specific antibody directed against either of the solubilised enzymes. The findings were confirmed using the previously described immunohistochemical method (Wachsmuth, 1973). The cellular and subcellular localisation implies that these two proteins are precursors of the hydrolytically active brush border membrane enzymes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490219
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantitative approach for immunofluorescence in microscopy: The use of antibody multilayers on nuclei (1974)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 38 (1974), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Quantitative analysis of fluorescent antibody bound to chicken nuclei was carried out by measurement of the fluorescence on nuclei smears in a microscope and after solubilisation in a spectro-fluorometer. Three successive layers of antibody were used: 1. human anti-nuclear factor, 2. fluorescent rabbit γ2 (anti-human-IgG), 3. fluorescent goat γ2 (anti-rabbit-IgG). Titrations gave a straight line in a log versus log plot, the slope depending on the amount of antigen present. Saturation of the antigenic sites was in all cases achieved only at high antigen and antibody concentrations; four molecules of goat anti-rabbit-IgG were bound by one molecule of rabbit-IgG. A quenching of fluorescence in the second layer by antibody in the third layer was not observed. The fluorescence intensity measured was directly proportional to the number of fluorescein molecules (up to three) per molecule of antibody used. The limit for the detection of antibody lies at about 4·104 molecules per μ2 of measuring field. From the data it can be concluded that the antigen concentration in different parts of a tissue or in different tissues is identical if the amount of antibody bound at different antibody concentrations is the same.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00496722
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The vago-vagal reflex arc: Some properties of its central part (1972)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 337 (1972), S. 199-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Vago-Vagal Reflex Arc ; Bilateral Symmetric Interaction ; Reciprocal Innervation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Discharges of single neurons in the nuclei of the cat's laryngeal nerves were recorded extracellularly with microelectrodes during electrical stimulation of the laryngeal nerves, which were severed close to the larynx. Stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve evoked discharges of neurons 1. in the dorsal part of the (sensory) nucleus tractus solitarii with a short latency (mean 2.6 msec), only a few spikes per stimulus and slight variability 2. in the ventral part with longer latency (mean 9.2 msec), with a maximum of 10 spikes and great variability 3. in the (motor) nucleus ambiguus with the longest latency (mean 10.36 msec). During stimulation of the laryngeal branch of the recurrent nerve in the nucleus tractus solitarii responses with a mean latency of 12.72 msec were registrated. Single potentials evoked by recurrent nerve stimulation in both vagal nuclei could be completely inhibited by preceding stimuli of the superior laryngeal nerve but not vice versa. Inspiration-coupled “spontaneous” activity in the nucleus tractus solitarii was inhibited during and after stimulation (up to 200 msec) of the superior laryngeal nerve only. During this inhibition the inspiration's depth and frequency decreased. The results demonstrate some properties of the central connection of the vagal nuclei.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00586845
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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