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  • 1965-1969  (10)
  • 1935-1939
  • 1880-1889
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The half molecules of 186 DNA have been isolated by the Hg(II)-Cs2SO4 density gradient centrifugal ion technique. The buoyant densities of the two halves in CsCI at 25°C. are 1.713 and 1.709 g./cm.3, corresponding to GC contents of 54% and 50%, respectively. Similarly, 5-bromouracil labeled λ DNA halves were separated. The isolation of the four DNA halves made it possible to test for homology in base sequences between the cohesive ends of λ and those of 186. There was no indication of any significant homology in base sequences between the cohesive ends of the two DNA's, as indicated by the absence of a band with intermediate buoyant density in CsCI when either half of 186 DNA was annealed with either half of 5-bromouracil labeled λ DNA and then centrifuged. The lack of cohesion between the two DNA's made it possible to demonstrate unequivocally the formation of interlocked rings (catenanes) between the two DNA's. The existence of a dimeric catenane is evidenced by the formation of a species of intermediate buoyant density when 5-bromouracil labeled λ DNA is cyclized in the presence of cyclic 186 DNA of a relatively high concentration. The molecular weight of one DNA relative to the other can be calculated from the position of the dimeric catenane in a density gradient by using the method of Baldwin. The result was in complete agreement with our previous measurements from the sedimentation coefficients and by electron microscopy. The probability of dimeric catenane formation when one DNA is cyclized in the presence of another DNA is discussed. The experimental results agree with the theoretical expectation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 117-131 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscosities of moderately concentrated solutions of low-density polyethylenes in ethane, propane, and ethylene have been measured at low shear rate in the temperature range of 150-250°C and in the pressure range of about 15000-30000 psi. Within the precision of the measurements, the relative viscosity is independent of pressure over the range investigated but increases as the solvent is changed from propane through ethane to ethylene. The activation energy for the relative viscosity in ethane varies from about 0.5 to 2.5 kcal/mole as the concentration changes from 5 to 15 g/dl. Effects of polymer concentration and molecular weight on solution viscosity in ethane at 150°C have been determined, and all of the data can be represented by a single straight-line plot of the logarithm of relative viscosity versus the intrinsic viscosity (in p-xylene at 105°C) times concentration. This simple relation is valid over wide ranges of polymer concentration and molecular weight and over more than two orders of magnitude of relative viscosity. The solution viscosities of the polyethylenes in the three supercritical fluid solvents used appear surprisingly low at first sight. This behavior is partly a result of the low solvent viscosities but also might mean that the polymer has an abnormally low segmental friction factor compared to that in solutions under more familiar conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2811-2817 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When hexaphenylcyclotrisilazane was heated above 450°C. at atmospheric pressure, it formed an infusible polymer of exceptional thermal and chemical stability. The polymerization, which was accompanied by elimination of benzene, is represented approximately by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\eta [({\rm C}_6 {\rm H}_5)_2 {\rm SiNH}]_3\,\, \to \,\,({\rm C}_6 {\rm H}_5 {\rm SiN})_{3n} + 3n{\rm C}_6 {\rm H}_6$\end{document} The infusible polymer was a foamed, vitreous, pale yellow solid with a high degree of stability to heat, acids, alkali, and organic solvents. A similar reaction occured with a resein that was obtained as a by-product in the preparation of hexaphenylcyclotrisilazane and with a mixture of silylamines that was obtained from the reaction of methylphenyldichlorosilane with ammonia. Coatings on aluminum and steel prepared by heating the silylamine polymers had good thermal stability and adhesion. Inclusion of a polymeric dimethylsilyl derivative of ethylenediamine improved the flexibility of the coatings.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1 (1967), S. 253-261 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Porous laminates prepared by incorporating a volatile solvent into an epoxy resin system used to impregnate a fabric filler satisfactorily alleviated the problems caused by perspiration in upper extremity prostheses, but did not have sufficient strength for use in artificial legs. A new technique is described which results in a 100% increase in both porosity and strength of porous epoxy laminates. The method consists of impregnation of the fabric with resin and solvent and evaporation of the solvent prior to laying up the laminate. The improvement in properties is ascribed to better control and homogeneity of impregnation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine heterodisperse Probe von Polymethylmethacrylat sowie mehrere Fraktionen, die von dieser Probe erhalten wurden, wurden im Vakuum bei 300-500°C pyrolysiert. Die Proben wurden als dünne Filme auf beiden Seiten eines 260 cm langen Banddrahtes aufgebracht, der auf Grund seines Ohmschen Widerstandes erhitzt wurde (zuerst mit einem besonders starken Strom, um rasch eine hohe Temperatur zu erreichen). Die ursprüngliche Probe sowie auch der Pyrolysenrückstand wurden durch Gelpermeationschromatographie analysiert, um die Änderungen des Molekulargewichtes während der Pyrolyse zu bestimmen. Man kann auf Grund früherer kinetischer Studien erwarten, daß in dem obigen Temperaturbereich eine Änderung im Mechanismus stattfindet. Aus diesem Grunde wurde vorausgesagt, daß das Molekulargewicht einer unfraktionierten Probe während des Abbaues bei 300°C sich nicht verändert, bei 500°C aber abnimmt. Andererseits ist zu erwarten, daß das Molekulargewicht von fraktionierten Proben bei 300°C abnimmt und bei 500°C unverändert bleibt. Die Resultate stimmen mit der Vorhersage im großen und ganzen überein, aber bei 500°C verhalten sich nur die Fraktionen mit niedrigen Molekulargewichten wie erwartet. Die Arbeit bestätigt also den Mechanismus und die Voraussagen, die auf kinetische Studien begründet waren; hochmolekulare Proben bei hohen Temperaturen, bei denen eine gewisse Einschränkung bezüglich des Mechanismus notwendig ist, müssen jedoch hierbei ausgenommen werden.
    Notes: A heterodisperse sample of poly(methylmethacrylate), and several fractions derived from this sample, have been pyrolysed in vacuo at temperatures in the region of 300 and 500°C. The samples were deposited as thin films on both sides of a 260 cm ribbon filament, which was heated resistively, and also boosted to ensure a rapid initial rise in temperature. The initial samples, and the residues after pyrolysis, were analysed by Gel Permeation Chromatography to obtain the trends in molecular weight with conversion. From previous kinetic studies, a change in mechanism is expected over the above temperature range, and on this basis it was predicted that during degradation at 300°C the molecular weight of an unfractionated sample would remain invariant, but at 500°C the molecular weight of such a sample would decrease; on the other hand the molecular weight of fractionated samples is expected to decrease at 300°C and to remain invariant at 500°C. The results are in general agreement with these predictions except that at 500°C only low molecular weight fractions behave in the expected manner. This work therefore confirms the mechanisms postulated from kinetic studies, but in the case of high molecular weight samples at high temperature some qualification of the mechanism has been necessary.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 6 (1968), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyethylene hydroperoxide (PEH) was prepared by low-temperature autoxidation initiated by AIBN. Over 85% of the total hydroperoxyl groups decompose by a rapid process, the remainder dissociate at about one-tenth of that rate. The results are the same whether PEH is decomposed in solution or in the solid state. Large amounts of scavenger have no effect on these decompositions; there is no radical-induced processes. The results suggest mechanisms of decomposition involving neighboring group assistance.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 1079-1106 
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Because of their commercial importance, the reaction sequences and structures of resins produced when phenol reacts with formaldehyde have been studied by numerous different chemical and physical methods. Many details concerning these reactions and complex chemical structures are still not entirely understood. Most of the experimental methods used have yielded only qualitative information. Many of these methods have been applicable only to the lower molecular weight portions of soluble prepolymers. The present work describes proton magnetic resonance (PMR) methods which yield detailed and quantitative number-average structures for any soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin. It is shown that benzyl-type hemiformals make substantial contributions to the structures of many resoles and that these functionalities exhibit relatively high stability under certain conditions of initial cure. The structures of several resins are discussed in terms of certain aspects of reactions which occurred during the resin syntheses. These reactions include hydroxymethylations and condensations yielding diphenylmethane-type and dibenzyl ether-type bridges. To define the mechanisms and rates of the various reactions at different temperatures and under different catalytic conditions, a much more detailed study is required. Potentially, the PMR methods described can provide most of the necessary quantitative data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 5 (1967), S. 3091-3101 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The rate constants for the autoxidation of polypropylene were determined by a combined ESR, volumetric, and chemical method. The values of ki, kp, and kt at 110°C. are 3 × 10-4 sec.-1, 1.9 l./mole-sec., and 3 × 106 l./mole-sec., respectively. The values of ki and its activation energy are the same as those for the decomposition of polypropylene hydroperoxide, thus identifying the latter as the principal initiation process. The values of the temperature-independent kt suggest that secondary peroxy radicals are the terminating species. The rate constants are compared with rate constant ratios for initiated autoxidations of squalane and other related systems.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 6 (1968), S. 393-402 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The thermal decomposition of polypropylene hydroperoxide (PPH) consists of two consecutive reactions. The initial, faster reaction has rates up to 60 times that of the slower process. The former is largely suppressed by the addition of an excess of 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol. The course of reaction is the same in either solid state or in solution. The results are consistent with an intramolecular radical-induced mechanism for the initial reaction. This faster reaction consumes about 70-95% of the total hydroperoxides. The decomposition of PPH yields a maximum of about 1.8 radicals. Samples prepared from crystalline and amorphous polypropylenes have identical decomposition kinetics.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 6 (1968), S. 381-392 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Oxidation of polypropylene introduces hydroperoxide groups into the polymer. Infrared spectroscopy has determined that more than 90% of these groups are intramolecularly hydrogen bonded. The sequential lengths and sequence distributions of these neighboring hydroperoxides were estimated from the electronic spectra of the polyenes derived from the polypropylene hydroperoxide by two methods: (1) reduction, acetylation, and pyrolysis, and (2) reduction and dehydration. The results indicate that all the hydroperoxide groups are present in sequences of length two and greater. Intramolecular hydrogen abstraction during oxidation could account for the formation of these neighboring hydroperoxides.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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