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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 301 (1968), S. 162-181 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Single Nephron Filtration Rate ; Juxtamedullary Nephron Function ; High and Low Sodium Diet ; Proximal Tubular Reabsorption ; Flow Rate in Long Loops of Henle ; Einzelnephronfiltrat ; Juxtamedulläre Nephronfunktion ; Hohe und niedrige Kochsalzdiät ; Resorption im proximalen Konvolut ; Stromstärke in langer Henle'scher Schleife
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Single nephron filtration rates of superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons were determined in high and low sodium rats. Single nephron GFR was calculated from TF/P inulin and tubular flow rate in superficial nephrons and single juxtamedullary GFR from corresponding data in long loops of Henle. In low sodium rats superficial nephron GFR was 23.5±6.4 (SD)×10−6 ml/min×g KW, juxtamedullary nephron GFR was 58.2±13.6 and total kidney GFR (C In) was 0.94±0.16 ml/min×g KW. Using these single nephron values, total kidney GFR and a total number of 30,000 glomeruli per kidney, the number of superficial and juxtamedullary glomeruli was calculated to be 23,267 and 6,733, respectively. During high sodium diet superficial nephron GFR increased to 38.1±11.3 and single juxtamedullary GFR decreased to 16.5±6.6, total kidney GFR increasing to 1.01±0.24. Calculation again revealed the same distribution of the two nephron types. End-proximal TF/P inulin in superficial nephrons was 2.36±0.36 in low sodium and 2.31±0.28 in high sodium rats. Loops of Henle TF/P inulin and intratubular flow rate were inversely related: the highest TF/P inulin values and lowest intratubular flow rates were found in the descending limb. These data quantify the distribution of superficial and juxtamedullary nephrons on a functional basis and suggest a mechanism by which the kidney adjusts sodium excretion by altering the contribution of each nephron type to total kidney GFR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Renin ; Angiotensin ; Enzyme Kinetics ; Ionic Strength ; Renin ; Angiotensin ; Enzymkinetik ; Ionenstärke
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung 1. Die Abhängigkeit der Angiotensinbildungsgeschwindigkeit vom pH, von der Temperatur und von der Konzentration verschiedener Elektrolyte wurde reaktionskinetisch ermittelt. Als Reaktionskomponenten dienten dabei angereichertes Schweineangiotensinogen und homologes Renin. 2. Die Messungen erfolgten unterhalb des Substratsättigungsbereiches in dem anfänglichen, linearen Abschnitt der Michaelis-Menten-Beziehung. 3. Das pH-Optimum der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit liegt im pH-Bereich 6,0 bis 6,5, das Temperaturmaximum bei 55°C. 4. Als Michaelis-Menten-Konstante wurde ein Wert von 1500 ng Hypertensin Ciba/ml bestimmt. 5. Für NaCl, NaBr, KCl, Na2SO4 und CaCl2 konnte übereinstimmend eine charakteristische Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von der Ionenstärke mit einem Maximum bei 15–20 mmol gefunden werden. 6. Die Anwesenheit von CdCl2 oder Hg2Cl2 im Inkubationssystem zeigt schon bei niedrigen Molaritäten eine deutliche Hemmung der Angiotensinbildung. 7. Harnstoff, als Nichtelektrolyt, zeigt im Konzentrationsbereich bis 20 mmol ein dem NaCl, KCl usw. analoges Verhalten. Bei höheren Harnstoffgehalten ist, im Gegensatz zu den Elektrolyten, die Geschwindigkeit der Angiotensinbildung nahezu konstant. In physiologischer Kochsalzlösung ist eine Abhängigkeit von der Harnstoffkonzentration nicht mehr zu beobachten.
    Notes: Summary 1. The influence of various electrolytes, pH, and temperature on the reaction velocity for the formation of angiotensin was studied by means of enzyme kinetics. The method involved purified hog renin substrate and hog renin. 2. The steep, linear portion of the Michaelis-Menten curve (below the range of substrate saturation) was used for quantitative analysis. 3. The pH-optimum for the reaction velocity was 6.0–6.5. The temperature maximum was found to be 55°C. 4. The Michaelis-Menten constant had a mean value of 1500 ng Hypertensin Ciba/ml. 5. Reaction velocity rose sharply with increasing concentrations of NaCl, NaBr, KCl, Na2SO4 and CaCl2, reaching a maximum at about 20 mM. Thereafter, there was a gradual decline in reaction velocity with further increase in the concentrations of these electrolytes. 6. CdCl2 and Hg2Cl2 inhibited the reaction velocity throughout the range of concentrations from 0 to 1 mM and 0–66% saturation, respectively. 7. With the non-electrolyte urea, the reaction velocity rose with increasing concentration from zero to about 20 mM. The velocity remained at this maximal value with further increase of the urea concentration to 70 mM. The effect of urea on the reaction velocity was abolished when urea was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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