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  • 1965-1969  (13)
  • Polymer and Materials Science  (10)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (3)
  • General Chemistry
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  • 1
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The half molecules of 186 DNA have been isolated by the Hg(II)-Cs2SO4 density gradient centrifugal ion technique. The buoyant densities of the two halves in CsCI at 25°C. are 1.713 and 1.709 g./cm.3, corresponding to GC contents of 54% and 50%, respectively. Similarly, 5-bromouracil labeled λ DNA halves were separated. The isolation of the four DNA halves made it possible to test for homology in base sequences between the cohesive ends of λ and those of 186. There was no indication of any significant homology in base sequences between the cohesive ends of the two DNA's, as indicated by the absence of a band with intermediate buoyant density in CsCI when either half of 186 DNA was annealed with either half of 5-bromouracil labeled λ DNA and then centrifuged. The lack of cohesion between the two DNA's made it possible to demonstrate unequivocally the formation of interlocked rings (catenanes) between the two DNA's. The existence of a dimeric catenane is evidenced by the formation of a species of intermediate buoyant density when 5-bromouracil labeled λ DNA is cyclized in the presence of cyclic 186 DNA of a relatively high concentration. The molecular weight of one DNA relative to the other can be calculated from the position of the dimeric catenane in a density gradient by using the method of Baldwin. The result was in complete agreement with our previous measurements from the sedimentation coefficients and by electron microscopy. The probability of dimeric catenane formation when one DNA is cyclized in the presence of another DNA is discussed. The experimental results agree with the theoretical expectation.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 117-131 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The viscosities of moderately concentrated solutions of low-density polyethylenes in ethane, propane, and ethylene have been measured at low shear rate in the temperature range of 150-250°C and in the pressure range of about 15000-30000 psi. Within the precision of the measurements, the relative viscosity is independent of pressure over the range investigated but increases as the solvent is changed from propane through ethane to ethylene. The activation energy for the relative viscosity in ethane varies from about 0.5 to 2.5 kcal/mole as the concentration changes from 5 to 15 g/dl. Effects of polymer concentration and molecular weight on solution viscosity in ethane at 150°C have been determined, and all of the data can be represented by a single straight-line plot of the logarithm of relative viscosity versus the intrinsic viscosity (in p-xylene at 105°C) times concentration. This simple relation is valid over wide ranges of polymer concentration and molecular weight and over more than two orders of magnitude of relative viscosity. The solution viscosities of the polyethylenes in the three supercritical fluid solvents used appear surprisingly low at first sight. This behavior is partly a result of the low solvent viscosities but also might mean that the polymer has an abnormally low segmental friction factor compared to that in solutions under more familiar conditions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 159 (1967), S. 159-169 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Horseradish peroxidase was injected into the spleens of mice and the animals were sacrificed ten minutes after injection. The tissues were reacted with 3-3′ diaminobenzidine hydrochloride and the distribution of the reaction product was studied with both the light and electron microscope. The peroxidase was localized between epithelial cells up to the region of the tight junction and within vacuoles in the absorptive cells Granules ranging in size from ca. 40A to 600A were observed in the cytoplasm of epithelial cells in numbers far in excess of that found in control specimens. It appeared that the diffuse light brown staining observed in epithelial cells with the light microscope could be attributed to large numbers of granules of reaction product free in the cytoplasm. When corn oil was given by stomach tube and an intravascular injection of perioxidase was given ten minutes later, absorbed lipid was found to pass from interepithelial cell spaces to lamina propria at the same time that peroxidase was traversing the same compartments in the reverse direction. Hence, it was shown that exogenous peroxidase and probably other substances of vascular origin required for the metabolism of epithelial cells are exposed to both the basal and lateral epithelial cell membranes, even when absorbed lipid is traversing the same spaces in the opposite direction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 9 (1965), S. 2811-2817 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: When hexaphenylcyclotrisilazane was heated above 450°C. at atmospheric pressure, it formed an infusible polymer of exceptional thermal and chemical stability. The polymerization, which was accompanied by elimination of benzene, is represented approximately by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\eta [({\rm C}_6 {\rm H}_5)_2 {\rm SiNH}]_3\,\, \to \,\,({\rm C}_6 {\rm H}_5 {\rm SiN})_{3n} + 3n{\rm C}_6 {\rm H}_6$\end{document} The infusible polymer was a foamed, vitreous, pale yellow solid with a high degree of stability to heat, acids, alkali, and organic solvents. A similar reaction occured with a resein that was obtained as a by-product in the preparation of hexaphenylcyclotrisilazane and with a mixture of silylamines that was obtained from the reaction of methylphenyldichlorosilane with ammonia. Coatings on aluminum and steel prepared by heating the silylamine polymers had good thermal stability and adhesion. Inclusion of a polymeric dimethylsilyl derivative of ethylenediamine improved the flexibility of the coatings.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Macrophages and cells of the plasmocyte series were studied in the rat's spleen during the primary and secondary immune responses to particulate antigen. Evidence is presented to suggest that the plasma cell precursors are located in the marginal zones surrounding the lymphoid nodules and that less than one day following injection of antigen, these cells migrate into the nodules, where mitosis and subsequent differentiation into hemocytoblasts occurs in the presence of nodular macrophages. The hemocytoblasts then migrate across the marginal zone into the red pulp where differentiation into mature plasma cells occurs in the presence of red pulp macrophages. It is suggested that the initiation of the antibody-forming process occurs in the lymphoid nodules where marginal zone cells come into close contact with the marginal metalophils or with germinal center macrophages. The process initiating the migration of cells from the marginal zone to the nodules is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Spleens from neonatally thymectomized and nonthymectomized young rats were studied histologically and histochemically to elucidate the development of the splenic immune system with and without thymus.In intact animals primitive germinal center activity could be elicited with antigen as early as 13 days of age. More definitive germinal centers lacking tingible body macrophages were observed at 18 days of age. Germinal centers containing tingible body macrophages did not develop until 35 days of age in response to antigenic stimulation. This coincided with maximal development of the marginal zone of medium-sized lymphocytes and the mature development of nodular macrophages possessing strong acid phosphatase activity.Neonatally thymectomized rats developed marginal zones and germinal centers similar to control littermates when the young animals were maintained on tetracycline. Thymectomized animals not given tetracycline showed disturbances in splenic development. These are discussed.The results suggest that the thymus may be critical to the immune system in rats from birth to about 30 days of age but is not essential to its function beyond this period. Marginal zone lymphocytes and germinal center cells proliferate normally and mature to the plasma cell stage in the absence of a thymus if the animals are maintained on tetracycline beyond this critical age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 1 (1967), S. 253-261 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Porous laminates prepared by incorporating a volatile solvent into an epoxy resin system used to impregnate a fabric filler satisfactorily alleviated the problems caused by perspiration in upper extremity prostheses, but did not have sufficient strength for use in artificial legs. A new technique is described which results in a 100% increase in both porosity and strength of porous epoxy laminates. The method consists of impregnation of the fabric with resin and solvent and evaporation of the solvent prior to laying up the laminate. The improvement in properties is ascribed to better control and homogeneity of impregnation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Eine heterodisperse Probe von Polymethylmethacrylat sowie mehrere Fraktionen, die von dieser Probe erhalten wurden, wurden im Vakuum bei 300-500°C pyrolysiert. Die Proben wurden als dünne Filme auf beiden Seiten eines 260 cm langen Banddrahtes aufgebracht, der auf Grund seines Ohmschen Widerstandes erhitzt wurde (zuerst mit einem besonders starken Strom, um rasch eine hohe Temperatur zu erreichen). Die ursprüngliche Probe sowie auch der Pyrolysenrückstand wurden durch Gelpermeationschromatographie analysiert, um die Änderungen des Molekulargewichtes während der Pyrolyse zu bestimmen. Man kann auf Grund früherer kinetischer Studien erwarten, daß in dem obigen Temperaturbereich eine Änderung im Mechanismus stattfindet. Aus diesem Grunde wurde vorausgesagt, daß das Molekulargewicht einer unfraktionierten Probe während des Abbaues bei 300°C sich nicht verändert, bei 500°C aber abnimmt. Andererseits ist zu erwarten, daß das Molekulargewicht von fraktionierten Proben bei 300°C abnimmt und bei 500°C unverändert bleibt. Die Resultate stimmen mit der Vorhersage im großen und ganzen überein, aber bei 500°C verhalten sich nur die Fraktionen mit niedrigen Molekulargewichten wie erwartet. Die Arbeit bestätigt also den Mechanismus und die Voraussagen, die auf kinetische Studien begründet waren; hochmolekulare Proben bei hohen Temperaturen, bei denen eine gewisse Einschränkung bezüglich des Mechanismus notwendig ist, müssen jedoch hierbei ausgenommen werden.
    Notes: A heterodisperse sample of poly(methylmethacrylate), and several fractions derived from this sample, have been pyrolysed in vacuo at temperatures in the region of 300 and 500°C. The samples were deposited as thin films on both sides of a 260 cm ribbon filament, which was heated resistively, and also boosted to ensure a rapid initial rise in temperature. The initial samples, and the residues after pyrolysis, were analysed by Gel Permeation Chromatography to obtain the trends in molecular weight with conversion. From previous kinetic studies, a change in mechanism is expected over the above temperature range, and on this basis it was predicted that during degradation at 300°C the molecular weight of an unfractionated sample would remain invariant, but at 500°C the molecular weight of such a sample would decrease; on the other hand the molecular weight of fractionated samples is expected to decrease at 300°C and to remain invariant at 500°C. The results are in general agreement with these predictions except that at 500°C only low molecular weight fractions behave in the expected manner. This work therefore confirms the mechanisms postulated from kinetic studies, but in the case of high molecular weight samples at high temperature some qualification of the mechanism has been necessary.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-1: Polymer Chemistry 6 (1968), S. 375-379 
    ISSN: 0449-296X
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polyethylene hydroperoxide (PEH) was prepared by low-temperature autoxidation initiated by AIBN. Over 85% of the total hydroperoxyl groups decompose by a rapid process, the remainder dissociate at about one-tenth of that rate. The results are the same whether PEH is decomposed in solution or in the solid state. Large amounts of scavenger have no effect on these decompositions; there is no radical-induced processes. The results suggest mechanisms of decomposition involving neighboring group assistance.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: General Papers 3 (1965), S. 1079-1106 
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Because of their commercial importance, the reaction sequences and structures of resins produced when phenol reacts with formaldehyde have been studied by numerous different chemical and physical methods. Many details concerning these reactions and complex chemical structures are still not entirely understood. Most of the experimental methods used have yielded only qualitative information. Many of these methods have been applicable only to the lower molecular weight portions of soluble prepolymers. The present work describes proton magnetic resonance (PMR) methods which yield detailed and quantitative number-average structures for any soluble phenol-formaldehyde resin. It is shown that benzyl-type hemiformals make substantial contributions to the structures of many resoles and that these functionalities exhibit relatively high stability under certain conditions of initial cure. The structures of several resins are discussed in terms of certain aspects of reactions which occurred during the resin syntheses. These reactions include hydroxymethylations and condensations yielding diphenylmethane-type and dibenzyl ether-type bridges. To define the mechanisms and rates of the various reactions at different temperatures and under different catalytic conditions, a much more detailed study is required. Potentially, the PMR methods described can provide most of the necessary quantitative data.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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