ISSN:
1573-2622
Source:
Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
Topics:
Medicine
Description / Table of Contents:
Résumé Grâce à leurs éléments nerveux et musculaires, les globes oculaires participent déjà longtemps avant la naissance à certains reflexes. Au moment de la naissance la lumière et le son commencent leur action sur l'organisme et associent les aires sensibles à la lumière aux centres végétatifs, proprioréceptifs et vestibulaires. Toute stimulation rétinienne détruit un certain équilibre et pose différents problèmes. Les excitations venant de l'oeil droit et celles venant de l'oeil gauche coopèrent en général harmonieusement. Mais, sous certaines conditions elles peuvent être contradictoires. C'est alors l'alternance ou l'inhibition qui remet les choses en ordre et il peut en résulter un strabisme ou une amblyopie. Tout traitement conservateur du strabisme doit prendre en considération les réflexes en rapport avec l'oeil et les centres optiques. Il doit corriger l'anisométropie et l'hypermétropie et supprimer les insertions anormales. De plus il doit chercher à supprimer les réactions et les inhibitions anormales et au contraire développer les réflexes normaux. Les résultats relatés portent sur des inhibitions (amblyopies) supprimées, des correspondances rétiniennes et des fusions rétablies. Les procédés nécessaires sont décrits et l'équipement désirable est énuméré, afin de permettre de faire oeuvre utile.
Abstract:
Riassunto A causa dei loro elementi nervosi e muscolari, gli occhi partecipano già molto prima della nascita a certi riflessi. Al momento della nascitta, la luce ed il suono incomminciano la loro azione sull'organisme ed associano ai centri vegetativi, proprioricettivi a vestibulari ogni terreno sensibile alla luce. Ogni irritazione retinea distrugge un certo equilibrio et pone differenti problemi. La eccitazioni provenienti dall'occhio destro e quelle provenienti dall'occhio sinistro cooperano generalmente bene. Pero, succede che, a causa di certe circostanze, quests possono essere contraditorie. Si tratta allora di cambiamento o di spostamento per mettere le cose al poste e ne risulta un strabisme od una ambliopia. Ogni trattamento conservativo del strabismo deve prendere in considerazione i riflessi in rapporto coll'occhio ed i centri ottici. Esso deve correggere l'anisometropia e l'ipermetropia e sopprimere ogni inserzione muscolare anormale. Deve inoltre cercare di sopprimere le reazioni ed i spostamenti anormali e sviluppare invece i riflessi normali. I risultati menzionati si riferiscono alla correzione di ambliopie e di fusioni ristabilite. I metodi impiegati sono descritti.
Notes:
Summary Long before birth the eyes are by means of the nervous elements and the ocular muscles inserted into reflexes in the same way as any other part of the body. Then from the moment of birth light and sound will have access to the organism. By their action as conditioned stimuli they will as-sociate the light-sensitive areas with already dominating vegetative, proprioreceptive and vestibular centres. The central projections of either retina will enter into association with proprioreceptive representations of the corresponding eye. In this way hemiopic anatomically split centres will be functionally reunited and the desintegrated pictures will be rebuild in their reflexes. Monocular impressions will maintain their common centres as a guarantee for the unity and totality of form, or size or content. The anatomical vicinity and probable connection of the cortical representations of homonymous retinal halves of right and left eye in left and right occipital lobes is one of the foundations but probably at the same time the expression of a physiological link in conditioned reflexes, with all movements of the body and movements of the head. It forms and maintains the substratum for the establishment of binocular homonymous correlations, for corresponding reactions and one-centred (and one minded) localisation. A third gauging of retinal projections is performed by means of conditioned reflexes under the guidance of movements of approach or recession, which are generally effected by muscles situated in the midline or symmetrically innervated. Every retinal stimulus appealing to such threefold mechanism disturbs its equilibrium and creates several problems. Stimuli from the right and from the left eye will as a rule cooperate in harmony. Under certain circumstances however their demands will be contrarious; thus alternation or inhibition has to replace reconcilement. Herewith squint or amblyopia may be its logical result. Conservative treatment of strabismus has to consider the sketched reflexes; it has to remove the impediments set by anisometropia, hypermetropia, by abnormal insertions; it has to extinguish abnormal reactions and inhibitions, and at the end to further the development of normal reflexes and normal inhibitions. The results are related of abolished inhibition (amblyopia), restored correspondence and fusion-development; and a sketch is given of the necessary procedures and of the desired equipment (collaborators and installation) for efficient work among a larger (or smaller) population.
Type of Medium:
Electronic Resource
URL:
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238147
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