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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 33 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00206.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Socioeconomic inequalities in oral health in childhood and adulthood in a birth cohort (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 32 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract –  Objectives:  To determine whether adult oral health is predicted by (a) childhood socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage (controlling for childhood oral health), or (b) oral health in childhood (controlling for childhood socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage), and whether oral health in adulthood is affected by changes in socioeconomic status (SES).Methods:  Participants in a longstanding cohort study underwent systematic dental examination for dental caries and tooth loss at ages 5 and 26 years. The examination at age 26 years included the collection of data on periodontal attachment loss and plaque level. Childhood SES was determined using parental occupation, and adult SES was determined from each study member's occupation at age 26 years. Regression models were used to test the study hypotheses.Results:  Complete data were available for 789 individuals (47.4% female). After controlling for childhood oral health, those who were of low SES at age 5 years had substantially greater mean DFS and DS scores by age 26 years, were more likely to have lost a tooth in adulthood because of caries, and had greater prevalence and extent of periodontitis. A largely similar pattern was observed (after controlling for childhood SES) among those with greater caries experience at age 5 years. For almost all oral health indicators examined, a clear gradient was observed of greater disease at age 26 years across socioeconomic trajectory groups, in the following order of ascending disease severity and prevalence: ‘high–high’, ‘low–high’ (upwardly mobile), ‘high–low’ (downwardly mobile) and ‘low–low’.Conclusion:  Adult oral health is predicted by not only childhood socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage, but also by oral health in childhood. Changes in socioeconomic advantage or disadvantage are associated with differing levels of oral health in adulthood. The life-course approach appears to be a useful paradigm for understanding oral health disparities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00173.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales compared (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 30 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives: The objective was to determine whether the Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales measure similar constructs and have similar associations in the same population sample.Methods: A random sample of 600 residents in the Dunedin South Electorate were sent a self-report questionnaire containing the Dental Neglect scale and the Dental Indifference scale. Socio-demographic and dental service-use data were also collected.Results: In all, 478 people (78.2%) returned the questionnaire. The mean Dental Neglect score was 12.4 (SD 4.4). The mean Dental Indifference scale score was 3.1 (SD 1.9). The association between the scales' scores was moderate (r = 0.58; P 〈 0.01), and there was only a moderate degree of concordance between the two. The two scales had largely similar associations with socio-demographic, oral care and self-care, and oral health impact characteristics, although slightly more associations were found with the Dental Indifference scale. The Dental Neglect scale was found to be easier to use than the Dental Indifference scale because it did not require a complex algorithm to compute scale scores.Conclusions:   The degree of concordance between the Dental Neglect and Dental Indifference scales was not as high as expected, which suggests that the scales may measure different constructs. However, the largely similar associations with important oral health and socio-demographic variables of the scales suggest the opposite. Although the Dental Indifference scale was slightly more discriminative, the Dental Neglect scale was easier to use in practice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300302.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Is medication a risk factor for dental caries among older people? (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 30 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives:  This study examined the association between chronic medication exposure and 5-year dental caries increment among older people, using a theoretical model whereby xerogenic medication is thought to lead to increased caries by either (i) chronically lowering salivary flow, thus reducing salivary buffering of plaque acids, or (ii) producing the symptoms of dry mouth, leading to symptomatic relief through the use of cariogenic drinks and foodstuffs.Methods: Data were obtained from participants remaining at the 5-year follow-up phase of a cohort study of community-dwelling South Australians aged 60 +. Medication information was available at baseline and at 5 years, enabling only those medications taken on both occasions to be included in the analyses. Dental examinations were conducted at baseline and 5 years, and a reversal-adjusted 5-year caries increment was computed. Multivariate modelling was used to control the effects of potential confounders.Results: Of the original sample, 528 (62.3%) remained after 5 years, with those remaining tending to be younger, healthier and less medicated than those lost to follow-up. Five-year coronal caries incidence was 66.9%. The adjusted coronal caries increment (AdjCI) was higher among males and among those taking a β-blocker or an antiasthma drug for the previous 5 years. The 5-year incidence of root surface caries was 59.3%. A lower root surface AdjCI was associated with taking daily aspirin. Of the medications shown in earlier analyses to predict dry mouth, only the antiasthma drugs were associated with higher caries experience, and they had predicted more severe xerostomia symptoms.Conclusions: This study offers no strong evidence for a medication–caries relationship, as only one of the observed medication–caries associations was explicable in terms of the theoretical model. However, it should be acknowledged that older people taking antiasthma drugs may be at higher risk of coronal caries, possibly through measures taken for the symptomatic relief of dry mouth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2002.300309.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Incidence of dental anxiety in young adults in relation to dental treatment experience (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 28 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract – Objectives: To document the incidence of dental anxiety among individuals aged 18 years at baseline and 26 years at follow-up, and to determine if dental treatment experience continues to play a significant etiological role with respect to the onset of dental anxiety in young adults. Methods: Dental anxiety scale (DAS; Corah, 1969) scores at ages 15, 18 and 26 were obtained for Study members in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study. Dental examinations were conducted, and sociodemographic and dental service-use data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Using a case definition of a DAS score of 13 or more, age 18–26 incident cases were identified and their dental treatment experience and service-use characteristics compared with the remainder. Results: DAS scores at 18 and 26 were available for 792 (80.8%) of the 980 26-year-old Study members. An increase in dental anxiety prevalence was observed over the eight-year period, with an annualized incidence of 2.1%. Fewer incident cases had visited a dentist in the previous eight years, and there were no differences between incident cases and others in their eight-year DFS, FS or tooth-loss increments. A subgroup of “recurrent” cases was identified who were dentally anxious at 15 and 26 but not at 18, and their eight-year incidence of tooth loss due to caries was substantially higher than non-cases. Conclusions: Aversive conditioning experiences appear to be unrelated to the adult onset of dental anxiety, and it may be that particular temperamental or psychological traits are associated with the condition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0528.2000.280407.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    For debate: problems with the DMF index pertinent to dental caries data analysis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 33 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract –  The Decayed, Missing, Filled (DMF) index has been used for over 50 years and is well established as the key measure of caries experience in dental epidemiology. Despite its long history of use, there is debate about the most appropriate number of surfaces to include for a missing tooth. Assigning the maximum possible value for the ‘M’ component of DMFS (Surfaces) leads to overestimation of an individual's caries experience, and in any associated comparisons of in-caries experience, whereas assigning the minimum possible value for the ‘M’ component has the opposite effect. Alternative methods of assigning the number of caries-affected surfaces for an extracted tooth are considered. The net caries increment and adjusted caries increment (common methods of correction of the crude increment measure for reversals) are discussed, along with incidence density, a measure of caries extent. Problems exist with the adjusted caries increment, particularly among cohorts with low mean baseline caries experience. Development of an alternative method of estimating the relationship of ‘true’ and ‘examiner’ reversals is advocated, as well as greater utilization of incidence density in dental epidemiology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2005.00259.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An assessment of the validity and reliability of dental self-report items used in a National Child Nutrition Survey (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 32 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  – Objectives:  To examine the clinical validity and reliability of dental self-report items used in a national child nutrition survey.Methods: The study involved completion of dental self-report questionnaires by 6–9-year-old children who attended one of the three schools with ethnic distributions, similar to schools in the national survey, and their care-givers. Children were then dentally examined.Results: Two hundred and four children (response rate 74.2%) returned questionnaires and were dentally examined. The highest degree of child and care-giver concordance for the self-reported dental items was for the ‘has had an extraction due to dental caries’ item (kappa = 0.92), while the lowest was for the ‘brushes twice or more per day’ item (kappa = 0.61). The prevalence of dental caries in the deciduous dentition was 67.6%. The mean dfs, mean DFS and mean number of missing primary teeth because of caries were 6.15 (SD 6.51), 0.83 (SD 1.28) and 0.30 (SD 0.82), respectively. Caries severity was higher in children who reported brushing infrequently, having received a filling, having had an extraction because of caries, having been kept awake at night because of dental pain or having had a general anaesthetic for dental treatment. Values for self-report and clinical reliability were above 0.80 in all instances.Conclusions: The dental self-report items showed a high level of concordance between child and care-giver, and appeared to be clinically valid. The findings suggest that using dental self-report measures for children may be valuable in dental epidemiological investigations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0528.2004.00126.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Medishield AGS system and servo 900 ventilators (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 39 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The use of the new Medishield anasthetic gas scavenging system with ventilators in the Siemens-Elema Servo 900 series was investigated. It was discovered that this combination of equipment creates the hazard that a disconnexion in the patient breathing system may not be detected by the ventilator alarm. This happens because the suction generated by the scavenging system draws a considerable flow of room air through the expiratory system of the ventilator when a disconnexion occurs. Possible solutions to the problem were investigated, and it was discovered that the problem can be overcome by applying a small amount of positive end-expiratory pressure to counteract the suction from the scavenging system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1984.tb06526.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An apparatus for intravenous an anæsthesia in the neonate (1961)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 16 (1961), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1961.tb13386.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mdm-2 is not induced by p53 in human keratinocytes in vivo (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of cutaneous pathology 23 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0560
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Normal p53 protein protects the genome after DNA damage by delaying replication and allowing DNA repair, mdm-2 is a recently discovered protein that controls p53 activity by binding to and inactivating p53 protein. A negative feedback loop has been suggested in which p53 induces mdm-2 expression. We have shown that doses of ultraviolet B radiation that cause mild sunburn clinically, produce thymine dimers in keratinocytes detectable by immunocytochemistry. This causes an elevation of p53 protein without a concomitant p53-mediated induction of mdm-2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0560.1996.tb00773.x
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