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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 591-602 
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoids ; foraging ; gallmakers ; oviposition ; size discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Simulation models presented here show that gall size of Eurosta solidaginisFitch (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a reliable predictor of its quality as a host to the parasitoid Eurytoma giganteaWalsh (Hymenoptera; Eurytomidae). The nutritional value of a gall to a parasitoid increases with diameter, but so does the likelihood that ovipositing parasitoids will fail to penetrate to the gall's central chamber. Despite the large differences in gall quality with size, this parasitoid seems incapable of distinguishing large, impenetrable galls from smaller, more suitable ones (Weis, A. E., et al., Ecol. Entomol. 10:341–348, 1985). This paper shows that Eurytomais capable of quick rejection of nonhost galls of similar size and shape to suitably sized host galls. Several lines of reasoning are explored to understand the seemingly maladaptive lack of sizediscrimination ability on host galls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: N-methyl-D-aspartate ; (+)-MK801 ; affinity ligands ; PCP ; 1,3-di(2-tolyl)guanidine ; sigma receptors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The electrophilic affinity ligand, (+)-3-isothiocyanato-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d] cyclohepten-5,10-imine hydrochloride {(+)-MK801-NCS} was characterized for its ability to acylate phencyclidine (PCP) and sigma binding sites in vivo. Initial studies, conducted with mouse brain membranes, characterized the binding sites labeled by [3H]1-[1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl]piperidine ([3H]TCP). The Kd values of [3H]TCP for PCP site 1 (MK801-sensitive) and PCP site 2 (MK801-insensitive) were 12 nM and 68 nM, with Bmax values of 1442 and 734 fmol/mg protein, respectively. Mice were sacrificed 18–24 hours following intracerebroventricular administration of the acylator. The administration of (+)-MK801-NCS increased [3H]TCP binding to site 2, but not to site. 1. Although (+)-MK801-NCS decreased [3H](+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d; cbcyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate ([3H](+)-MK801) binding to site 1, it had no effect on [3H]TCP binding to site 1. Viewed collectively with other published data, these data support the hypothesis that PCP sites 1 and 2 are distinct binding sites, and that [3H]TCP and [3H](+)-MK801 label different domains of the PCP binding site associated with the NMDA receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: arms race ; coevolution ; Eurosta ; Eurytoma ; gallmakers ; parasitoids ; phenotypic plasticity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Under a restricted set of conditions, predator-prey or parasite-host systems may exhibit an escalating arms race over several generations that is not coevolutionary. Preconditions for such a process include high correlation between prey/host quality and defensive capability, and phenotypic plasticity in predator/parasite-counter defenses that responds to quality. We present simulation models based on the parasitoid waspEurytoma gigantea, which lays its egg in the goldenrod gall induced by the flyEurosta solidaginis. For the parasitoid to successfully lay an egg, the gall walls must be thinner than the parasitoid's ovipositor is long. Wall thickness is highly correlated with gall size, so probability of successful attack declines with gall size. However, since the parasitoid eats the gall tissue, individuals developing in small galls have little food and mature with shorter ovipositors than those which develop in large galls. The simulation showed that the population mean parasitoid size is set by mean gall size. Since small galls are more frequently parasitized, there is a selection pressure on the gallmaker to induce larger galls. But, an additional simulation showed that since parasitoid ovipositor length depends on gall size, an evolutionary increase in gall size will also result in a non-evolutionary increase in parasitoid body size and ovipositor length over several generations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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