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  • (E)-farnesol  (2)
  • Diabetes mellitus  (2)
  • polymerase chain reaction  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus is associated with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 696-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Angiotensin II ; polymerase chain reaction ; type IV collagen ; type V collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene seems to be associated with clinical heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is not known whether increased atherosclerosis or other factors among individuals with certain ACE-gene subtypes form the basis for the increased prevalence of heart disease among these subjects. We measured, at autopsy, the extent of macroscopically visible aortic atherosclerosis in 22 diabetic and 39 non-diabetic subjects and determined the ACE-genotype of all individuals by the polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of aortic surface area covered with atherosclerotic lesions was 29±8 (n=6), 71±7 (n=9), and 65±7 (n=5) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotype subgroups, respectively, among diabetes patients (mean ± SEM) (2 p〈0.01, when comparing values from the ID and DD groups to the II group). The values were 37±9 (n=11), 40±5 (n=14) and 37±6 (n=11) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotypes in the non-diabetic group. There were no differences in sex ratio or age in any of the ACE-gene subtypes. The previously described relationship between heart disease and the ACE-gene polymorphism in diabetes could thus be founded in an increased extent of atherosclerosis among patients with the ID- and DD-ACE-gene subtypes. Patients with diabetes have several alterations in the composition of the collagenous components in the arterial wall. We also analysed for associations between total collagen and type IV and type V collagen content in the aortic vessel wall and the ACE-gene subtypes. We were, however, not able to disclose correlations between the polymorphism and any of these parameters. In conclusion, our data show an association between the ACE-I/D polymorphism and the degree of aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes; however, we did not observe correlations between the polymorphism and data concerning arterial collagenous components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus is associated with an insertion/deletion polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme gene No relation between the polymorphism and aortic collagen content (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 696-700 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Keywords Angiotensin II ; polymerase chain reaction ; type IV collagen ; type V collagen.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary An insertion(I)/deletion(D) polymorphism in the angiotensin I-converting enzyme (ACE) gene seems to be associated with clinical heart disease in patients with diabetes mellitus. It is not known whether increased atherosclerosis or other factors among individuals with certain ACE-gene subtypes form the basis for the increased prevalence of heart disease among these subjects. We measured, at autopsy, the extent of macroscopically visible aortic atherosclerosis in 22 diabetic and 39 non-diabetic subjects and determined the ACE-genotype of all individuals by the polymerase chain reaction. The percentage of aortic surface area covered with atherosclerotic lesions was 29 ± 8 (n = 6), 71 ± 7 (n = 9), and 65 ± 7 (n = 5) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotype subgroups, respectively, among diabetes patients (mean ± SEM) (2 p 〈 0.01, when comparing values from the ID and DD groups to the II group). The values were 37 ± 9 (n = 11), 40 ± 5 (n = 14) and 37 ± 6 (n = 11) in the II-, ID-, and DD-genotypes in the non-diabetic group. There were no differences in sex ratio or age in any of the ACE-gene subtypes. The previously described relationship between heart disease and the ACE-gene polymorphism in diabetes could thus be founded in an increased extent of atherosclerosis among patients with the ID- and DD-ACE-gene subtypes. Patients with diabetes have several alterations in the composition of the collagenous components in the arterial wall. We also analysed for associations between total collagen and type IV and type V collagen content in the aortic vessel wall and the ACE-gene subtypes. We were, however, not able to disclose correlations between the polymorphism and any of these parameters. In conclusion, our data show an association between the ACE-I/D polymorphism and the degree of aortic atherosclerosis in diabetes; however, we did not observe correlations between the polymorphism and data concerning arterial collagenous components. [Diabetologia (1996) 39: 696–700]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050497
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycosaminoglycans in the human aorta in diabetes mellitus: a study of tunica media from areas with and without atherosclerotic plaque (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 286-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; macrovascular disease ; atherosclerosis ; aorta ; tunica media ; glycosaminoglycans ; hyaluronic acid ; heparan sulphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alterations in the connective tissue of the arterial wall have been suggested to play a role in the development of macrovascular disease in diabetes mellitus. The present study deals with changes in the content of GAG in aortic tunica media in human diabetes by separately analysing normal areas and areas with fibrous plaques. The thoracic aorta from 15 diabetic patients (7 with IDDM, 8 with NIDDM), and 30 sex- and age-matched non-diabetic subjects were collected at autopsy. Tunica intima was removed and GAG were isolated from the dried defatted and pulverized tunica media. GAG were quantified by uronic acid analysis and characterized by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate. Results showed that IDDM patients had a relative and absolute increase in hyaluronic acid in normal tunica media compared to non-diabetic subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between hyaluronic acid content of normal tunica media and duration of diabetes, but not between hyaluronic acid content and age. When tunica media from plaque areas was compared to normal areas the same pattern was evident in diabetic patients as in non-diabetic patients — significantly increased proportion of dermatan sulphate and reduced hyaluronic acid. The data agree with the notion that the arterial wall is subject to different pathological processes in diabetes, one of classical atherosclerosis with changes in GAG similar to non-diabetic subjects, and the other seen in areas without plaques with dissimilar alterations in GAG. These data therefore support the concept of the presence of a macrovascular disease in diabetes different from atherosclerosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398056
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of glycation cross-links in diabetic vascular stiffening (1996)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 39 (1996), S. 946-951 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; glycation ; cross-links ; vascular stiffening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Previous studies have shown that biomechanical analysis of aorta from diabetic subjects reveals a marked increase in stiffness compared to aorta from age-matched control subjects. In the present paper we have proposed that this increased stiffness can be attributed to glycation-induced inter-molecular cross-links based on a direct analysis of the two known glycation cross-links, the fluorescent pentosidine and the non-fluorescent NFC-1. There was a significant difference in the increase in concentration of both cross-links with increasing age for both the intima (p〈0.0025) and the media (p〈0.0005) from the diabetic compared to the control subjects, but no correlation with the mature enzymic cross-link hydroxylysyl-pyridinoline. Finally, we have obtained a significant correlation of stiffness with both glycation cross-links (NFC-1, r=0.86; p〈0.005 and pentosidine r=0.75, p〈0.05), but the concentration of NFC-1 is about 50 times greater than that of pentosidine, indicating that it is the major glycation cross-link responsible for the stiffening of the aorta.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403914
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemosensory responses in two species of elephants to constituents of temporal gland secretion and musth urine (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 14 (1988), S. 1687-1711 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Temporal gland secretion ; Elephas maximus ; Loxodonta africana ; testosterone ; urine ; flehmen ; palatal pits ; (E)-farnesol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract This report discusses three areas of investigation: (1) The chemical components in the temporal gland secretion (TGS) of Asian (Elephas maximus) and African (Loxodonta africana) elephants were characterized by radioimmunoassay (RIA) for testosterone (T) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) levels and by on-column capillary column gas chromatographic analysis of volatiles. An inverse relationship between TGS testosterone levels and (E)-farnesol levels was observed. (2). African elephants responded preferentially toward a particular constituent of African elephant TGS. (3) Urine from Asian bull elephants in musth was partially fractionated by high-performance liquid chromatography. Specific chromatographic regions elicited dramatic avoidance responses from female African elephants. These results support the suggestion that the TGS plays multiple chemocommunicative roles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01014552
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical analysis of temporal gland secretions collected from an Asian bull elephant during a four-month musth episode (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 16 (1990), S. 2167-2181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Temporal gland secretions ; testosterone ; dihydrotestosterone ; Elephas maximus ; volatiles ; elephant ; benzoic acid ; 2-nonanone ; 5-nonanone ; 5-nonanol ; tetradecanoic acid ; decanoic acid ; (E)-farnesol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The temporal glands, modified facial apocrine sweat glands unique to elephants, release collectable secretions during an unusual physiological state termed “musth” in the Asian bull elephant (Elephas maximus). Recently we began the characterization of the chemical components of musth, especially in the temporal gland secretions (TGS), and the examination of the role of such secretions as agents for chemical communication between elephants. The present study focuses on possible correlations between testosterone levels in the serum and temporal gland secretions. We were especially interested in possible qualitative and/or quantitative changes in volatile compounds as the testosterone levels varied during a discrete musth period. Quantitative changes in TGS and serum testosterone were determined by radioimmunoassay. Qualitative and semiquantitative changes occurring in volatile composition were studied by high-resolution gas chromatography (fused silica capillary column, on column injection). Compound identification was by nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography internal standards. Twenty-three major compounds and a number of minor components were identified. Androgen concentrations were correlated with TGS-specific volatiles including benzoic acid, 2-nonanone, 5-nonanol, tetradecanoic acid, and decanoic acid. The latter two compounds and (E)-farnesol, a major component of African TGS, demonstrated an inverse relationship to T levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01026928
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