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  • Linear acceleration  (2)
  • Reaktionskinetik des Hämoglobins  (2)
  • (Phospholipid membrane)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Biomembranes 733 (1983), S. 201-209 
    ISSN: 0005-2736
    Keywords: (Phospholipid membrane) ; Infrared spectroscopy ; Linear dichroism ; Melittin orientation ; Membrane-protein interaction
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 64 (1986), S. 264-271 
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sensory threshold ; Microgravity ; Linear acceleration ; Adaptation ; Otoliths
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thresholds for the detection of linear oscillatory motion at 0.3 Hz in the X, Y and Z body axes were determined during the flight of Spacelab-1 and on the ground pre- and post-flight, using the method of limits with a single staircase procedure. Pre-flight, Z axis thresholds (mean 0.077 ms−2) were significantly higher than X and Y thresholds (mean 0.029 ms−2). Measures obtained on three crew members in-flight exhibited thresholds greater, by a factor of 1.5–4.3, than those obtained pre-flight. Post-flight, two crew members had significantly elevated X and Y axis thresholds whereas the other two crew members had lowered thresholds in X, Y and Z axes. In general, thresholds had returned to pre-flight levels by the second post-flight day. A possible explanation for these somewhat disparate responses is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 301 (1968), S. 302-310 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Bohr shift ; Rapidity of CO2 Exchange ; Carbonic Anhydrase ; Kinetics of Hemoglobin ; Bohr-Effekt ; Geschwindigkeit des CO2-Austausches ; Carboanhydrase ; Reaktionskinetik des Hämoglobins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wird der zeitliche Ablauf des Bohr-Effektes an dünnen Blutlamellen, bestehend aus einer einlagigen Erythrocytenschicht mit beidseitigem Plasmarand, untersucht. Die einer plötzlichen Änderung des CO2-Druckes folgende O2-Sättigungsänderung des Hämoglobins wird bei 37° C im Bereich zwischen $$S_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } = 83\% $$ und 49% in beiden Richtungen durchgeführt und photometrisch analysiert. Dabei ergibt sich: 1. Die Zeit für den Anstieg der O2-Sättigung der Blutlamelle ist etwa sechsmal länger als die für die O2-Entsättigung. Die mittleren Halbwertzeiten betragen 0,97 bzw. 0,17 sec. 2. Der O2-Entsättigungsvorgang nach einer CO2-Druckerhöhung benötigt fast die gleiche Zeit wie die im selben Bereich ablaufende Entsättigung nach einer O2-Druckerniedrigung. Daraus folgt, daß die O2-Diffusionsrate den CO2-Austausch in dieser Richtung zeitlich begrenzen kann. 3. Der längere O2-Aufsättigungsprozeß nach einer CO2-Druckerniedrigung hängt in seinem zeitlichen Ablauf von der Menge des ausgetauschten HCO 3 − ab. Bei größeren CO2-Sprüngen kann die Hamburger-Shift den Bohr-Effekt zeitlich begrenzen.
    Notes: Summary The time course of the Bohr effect on thin blood lamellas, consisting of a single layer of erythrocytes with a plasma layer on both sides, is examined. The O2 saturation change of the hemoglobin, following a sudden change in the CO2 pressure, is carried out in both directions at a temperature of 37° C, within the range $$S_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } = 83\% $$ and 49%, and photometrically analyzed. The analysis shows that: 1. The time needed for the increase in the O2 saturation of the blood lamellas is approximately 6 times greater than that required by the O2 desaturation process. The average half-value times are 0.97 sec and 0.17 sec, respectively. 2. The O2 desaturation process, following a CO2 pressure increase, needs almost as much time as a desaturation process in the same range, after an O2 pressure decrease. Hence, it follows that the O2 diffusion rate can temporally limit the CO2 exchange in this direction. 3. After a CO2 decrease, the time course of the longer O2 saturation process depends on the quantity of HCO 3 − inside the erythrocyte. When there is a considerable CO2 jump, the Hamburger shift can temporally limit the Bohr effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 301 (1968), S. 292-301 
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Kinetics of Hemoglobin ; O2 Uptake Time of the Erythrocyte ; Contact Time ; O2 Diffusion and Chemical Reaction ; Reaktionskinetik des Hämoglobins ; O2-Aufnahmezeit des Erythrocyten ; Kontaktzeit ; O2-Diffusion und chemische Reaktion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In Modellversuchen werden der Zeitbedarf und die Übergangsfunktion für die O2-Aufnahme des Blutes unter den Bedingungen in der Lungencapillare untersucht. Dabei werden Blutlamellen, bestehend aus einer einlagigen Erythrocytenschicht und beidseitigem Plasmarand, einem plötzlichen Wechsel der O2- und CO2-Partialdrücke ausgesetzt. Ein Teil der Lamellen ist zwischen zwei, wenige Mikron dicken Cellophanmembranen gelagert, um den Einfluß eines Diffusionshindernisses auf den O2-Aufnahmemodus der Erythrocyten zu erfassen. Die Untersuchungen ergeben: 1. Bei der O2-Aufnahme unter „Normoxiebedingungen“ erfolgt die Hälfte der Sättigungsänderung im Erythrocyten in 0,02 sec, unter „Hypoxiebedingungen“ in 0,09 sec. Die tatsächlichen O2-Aufsättigungszeiten in der Lunge sind jedoch wegen Verzögerung durch die vorgeschaltete alveolo-capilläre Membran um etwa das 1,3 fache verlängert. Unter Berücksichtigung dieses Faktors läßt sich bei einer angenommenen $${\text{Ac'D}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ von 6 mm Hg im „Hypoxiebereich“ eine alveoläre Kontaktzeit zwischen Erythrocyt und Gasphase von 0,26 sec berechnen. 2. Der O2-Aufsättigungsmodus der Blutlamellen mit vorgeschalteter Membran folgt einer Exponentialfunktion. Die Kenntnis dieses exponentiellen Verlaufs der O2-Aufnahme liefert die Grundlage für eine einfache Berechnung der O2-Diffusionskapazität.
    Notes: Summary The time constant and transient function for the O2 uptake of the blood, under conditions similar to those in the lung capillary, are examined by means of experiments on models. In the process, blood lamellas, consisting of a single layer of erythrocytes with a plasma layer on both sides, are exposed to sudden changes in the O2 and CO2 partial pressures. Some of the lamellas are placed between two cellophane membranes, each only a few microns thick, in order to determine the influence of a resistance to diffusion on the O2 uptake process. The experiments show that: 1. During the O2 uptake process under “normoxia conditions”, half of the saturation change in the erythrocyte takes place within 0.02 sec, and under “hypoxia conditions”, within 0.09 sec. The actual O2 saturation times in the lung, however, are extended to about 1.3 times by the alveolar-capillary membrane. Taking this factor into consideration, an alveolar contact time of 0.26 sec between the erythrocyte and gas phase, is obtained, if an $${\text{Ac'D}}_{{\text{O}}_{\text{2}} } $$ of 6 mm Hg in the “hypoxia range” is assumed. 2. The O2 saturation process of the blood lamellas with membranes connected in series follows an exponential function. This exponential shape of the O2 uptake provides a basis for the simple calculation of the O2 diffusing capacity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 48 (1982), S. 399-405 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Keywords: Motion sickness ; Car sickness ; Linear acceleration ; Linear acceleration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Thirty-eight normal volunteers were tested in an ambulance car while being accelerated in one of the following positions: (1) sitting upright facing forward in the car, (2) lying supine on a stretcher head forward, (3) supine position head backward. Consecutive short periods of negative horizontal acceleration (0.7–0.95 g) were achieved by brisk braking manoeuvres of the car, followed by weak reacceleration (0.15 g). Motion sickness symptoms were observed and recorded after each experiment using a special motion sickness scaling index which was weighted according to the strength of any particular symptom. The results indicate that horizontal linear acceleration in a car, such as experienced during multiple braking manoeuvres, is an effective motion sickness provoking stimulus. Negative X-axis stimulation is more nauseogenic then acceleration in the Z-axis stimulation is more nauseogenic then acceleration in the Z-axis of the body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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