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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11)
  • (Rabbit small intestine)  (2)
  • Chemical modification  (2)
  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 686-690 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Contribution to the methodology of pitting corrosion potential measurement on austenitic chromium nickel steelsReproducible values of the pitting potential and the incubation period are obtained only when definite techniques are applied to the specimen preparation. When the specimens are to be masked for the purpose of suspension they must be passivated without this mask because otherwise there would occur some type of crevice corrosion in the boundary zone between mask and open specimen surface. The corrosion potential in this is more negative (by 150 mV for a steel AISI 316) the the pitting potential as such. Preferential dissolution occurs in this zone when the pitting potential is attained. When, on the other hand, the passivation is effected without the mask, uniform pitting is achieved across the whole free surface and the pitting potential may be measured without difficulty. This potential turns out to be independent from the duration of passivation, while the incubation period distinctly increases with passivation time.
    Notes: Reproduzierbare Werte des Lochfraßpotentials und der Inkubationszeit erhält man nur, wenn bei der Vorbehandlung der Proben bestimmte Techniken eingehalten werden. Wenn die Proben zur Aufhängung teilweise abgedeckt werden sollen, müssen sie ohne die Abdeckung passiviert werden , da es sonst in der Grenzzone zwischen Abdeckung und Probenoberfläche zu einer Art Spaltkorrosion kommen kann. Das Korrosionspotential liegt dort z.B. für einen Stahl AISI 316 um 150 mV negativer als das eigentliche Lochfraßpotential. In diesem Bereich tritt dann auch bei Erreichen des Lofraßpotentials bevorzugte Auflösung ein. Passiviert man hingegen ohne Maske, so erreicht man gleichmäßigen Lochfraß über die ganze unbedeckte Oberfläche und kann auch das Lochfraßpotential einwandfrei bestimmen. Dieses erweist sich als unabhängig von der Passivierungsdauer, während die Inkubationszeit deutlich mit der Passivierungsdauer zunimmt.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 22 (1971), S. 691-697 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Industrial aspects of the formation of oxide layers and their preventionThe corrosion losses acceptables in steam generators of nuclear power plants are about 2.25 mm in 30 years; this is why unalloyed or low alloy steels can be used only to a limited extent in hot carbon dioxide (during the first 2000 to 3000 hours the oxidation follows a parabolic law, afterwards breakaway is possible). Silicon killed steel are superior to rimmed steel. Low sulfur contents are favourable, while surface treatment with dichromate solution is generally deleterious because the dichromate formed is decomposed during oxidation and the resulting chromium enrichment facilitates oxygen diffusion and enhances oxidation. Tubing suspensions may produce tensile stresses in crevices, so that screws are even torn out. Likewise, fretting may occur under simultaneous oscillating loads. In the case of ZrCu alloys the oxidation is slower than that of pure zirconium, probably because the large atomic volume of copper makes oxygen diffusion more difficult.
    Notes: Die für Dampferzeuger in Kernkraftwerken zulässigen Korrosionsverluste liegen bei etwa 2,25 mm in 30 Jahren, weshalb unlegierte und niedriglegierte Stähle nur begrenzt in heißem Kohlendioxid einsetzbar sind (sie werden während der ersten 2000 bis 3000 h nach einem parabolischen Zeitgesetz oxidiert, nachher ist aber mit breakaway zu rechnen). Mit Si beruhigte Stähle scheinen sich dabei besser zu verhalten als unberuhigte Stähle. Günstig ist auch ein niedriger Schwefelgehalt während einer Oberflächenbehandlung mit Dichromatlösung durchweg ungüstig ist, denn das entstehende Dichromat zersetzt sich bei der Oxidation und die resultierende Anreicherung von Chrom erleichtert die Sauerstoffdiffusion und begünstigt die Oxidation. An Rohraufhängungen kann es infolge von Oxidation in den Spalten zu Zugspannungen kommen, durch welche Schrauben ausgerissen werden. Ebenso kann es bei gleichzeitiger Schwingungsbeanspruchung zu Reibkorrosion kommen. Im Falle von ZrCu-Legierungen ist die Oxidation deutlich verlangsamt, wahrscheinlich weil das Cu infolge seines großen Atomvolumens die Sauerstoffdiffusion erschwert.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 13
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Replamineform porous implants (4 mm × 4 mm diameter) were placed into full-thickness cartilage and bone defects of the weight-bearing surface of the lateral femoral condyles of adult male white rabbits. These were analyzed at 1 day, 1 week, 6 weeks, 3 months, and 6 months for (1) ingrowth of tissue within the implants and (2) restoration of the articular surface overlying them. Appropriate unfilled, but similar, control defects were also studied.Mineralized bone was seen within the substance of both the TiO2 and hydroxyapatite implants at 1 week; this extremely rapid response was present in every specimen studied and was not seen with αAl2O3 or control animals. With the passage of time, maturation of this bone ingrowth occurred so that by 3 months, they were all incorportated into the surrounding bone.Only the hydroxyapatite implants showed consistent regenerative healing of hyaline articular cartilage from the margins of the defects with the passage of time; this occurred whenever the subchondral bone adjacent to the defect proliferated in a “creeping” fashion over the articular aspect of the implant, and the undamaged cartilage then followed it. Fibrocartilage, and not hyaline cartilage, formed the articular surface over the TiO2 and αAl2O3 implants and in the controls.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Surface and Interface Analysis 1 (1979), S. 45-46 
    ISSN: 0142-2421
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electro-optical detector easily adaptable to any hemispherical sector photoelectron spectrometer is described. The detector consists of a channel plate electron multiplier array, phosphor screen, silicon intensified target vidicon an optical multichannel analyzer control unit. Data collection rates are improved by more than two orders of magnitude over conventional single channel detectors.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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