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  • Osteoporosis  (14)
  • (Squalus acanthias, Rectal gland)  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solubilization and molecular weight determination of the (Na^+ + K^+)-ATPase from rectal glands of Squalus acanthias
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    BBA - Enzymology 567 (1979), S. 410-420 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2744
    Keywords: (Na^+ + K^+)-ATPase ; (Squalus acanthias, Rectal gland) ; Molecular weight ; Solubilization
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0005-2744(79)90127-X
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of degenerative conditions in the spine on bone mineral density and fracture risk prediction (1996)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 6 (1996), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Degenerative conditions ; Fracture risk ; Osteophytosis ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the impact of degenerative conditions in the spine (osteophytosis and endplate sclerosis) and aortic calcification in the lumbar region on bone mineral content/density (BMC/BMD) measured in the spine and forearm by absorptiometry and on fracture risk prediction. The radiographs of 387 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 68–72 years, were assessed in masked fashion for the presence of osteophytosis, endplate sclerosis and aortic calcification in the region from L2 to L4. Vertebral deformities/fractures were assessed by different definitions. Osteophytes larger than 3 mm and in numbers of 3 or more resulted in a significantly (12%) higher spinal bone mass (p〈0.001). Endplate sclerosis had a similar effect (p〈0.001). In subjects with both degenerative conditions the BMC/BMD in the spine and forearm were significantly higher than in unaffected women (19% in the spine, 10% in the forearm;p〈0.001). The spinal BMD values were significantly lower in fractured women if both degenerative conditions were absent (p〈0.001), whereas fractured and unfractured women had similar values if degenerative conditions were present. Degenerative conditions did not alter the ability of forearm BMC to discriminate vertebral or peripheral fractures. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves (true positive fraction versus false positive fraction) were generated for BMD of the lumbar spine and BMC of the forearm with regard to the discrimination between women with vertebral and peripheral fractures and healthy premenopausal women. The ROC curves for women without degenerative conditins were consistently above the curves for women affected by osteophytosis and endplate sclerosis in the lumbar spine (p〈0.001). In conclusion, osteophytes and endplate sclerosis have a considerable influence on spinal bone mass measurements in elderly postmenopausal women and affect the diagnostic ability of spinal scans to discriminate osteoporotic women. Our data suggest that in elderly women, unless the spine is radiologically clear of degenerative conditions, a peripheral measurement procedure should be considered an alternative for assessment of bone mineral content/ensity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01626537
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of transdermal l7β-estradiol and oral conjugated equine estrogens on biochemical parameters of bone resorption in natural menopause (1993)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 53 (1993), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Menopause ; Estrogen ; Pyridinoline ; Bone resorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Objective: To evaluate and compare the effects or oral and transdermal estrogen replacement therapy on biochemical markers of bone resorption in early postmenopausal women Design: Controlled, randomized group comparison. Setting: Outpatient clinic for menopausal women and research into osteoporosis. Subjects: Sixty healthy women menopausal for less than 5 years and who had never received any medications interfering with bone metabolism. Interventions: The 60 women were randomly allocated to 3 months therapy with either oral conjugated estrogens (0.625 mg/day) (n = 28) or transdermal estradiol (50 jig/day) (n = 32) in cyclical combination with medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/day). Main outcome measures: Traditional (urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine) and the new specific (urinary pyridinoline/creatinine and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine) markers of bone resorption were determined before and after 3 months of treatment. Results: In both groups, circulating levels of estrone and estradiol were significantly (P 〈 0.001) increased during treatment. In women treated with oral conjugated equine estrogens, urinary calcium/creatinine and hydroxyproline/creatinine ratios were significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced. Pyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 69.1 (4) [mean (SEM)] to 50 (4) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01) and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 10.8 (1) [mean (SEM)] to 8.3 (0.8) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01). In the group treated with transdermal estradiol, urinary hydroxyproline/creatinine ratio was significantly (P 〈 0.05) reduced. Pyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 66.3 (4) [mean (SEM)] to 46.2 (3) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01) and deoxypyridinoline/creatinine ratio fell from 11.5 (1.5) [mean (SEM)] to 7.7 (0.6) μmol/μmol (P 〈 0.01). There were no differences between the evolution of the biochemical variables in the two groups. Conclusion: These results suggest that oral conjugated equine estrogens and transdermal estradiol, in the given doses, are equally effective in reducing postmenopausal bone resorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01352008
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The diagnostic validity of urinary free pyridinolines to identify women at risk of osteoporosis (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 54 (1994), S. 381-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Pyridinoline ; Free pyridinoline ; Deoxypyridinoline ; Urinary excretion ; Pre- and postmenopausal ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The urinary excretion of pyridinolines either in the free form or linked to different peptide fragments of type I collagen are intensively studied as new biochemical markers of bone resorption. In the present study we compared the urinary excretion of free pyridinoline (F-Pyr) determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) (Collagen CrosslinksTM Kit, Metra Biosystems) to pyridinoline (Pyr), and deoxypyridinoline (D-Pyr) determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in early postmenopausal women treated with either hormone replacement therapy or placebo and in healthy age-matched premenopausal women. Other markers of bone metabolism were included for comparison. Compared with the premenopausal women, the postmenopausal women had significantly increased values of the biochemical parameters. F-Pyr, Pyr, D-Pyr, and T-Pyr (=Pyr+D-Pyr) decreased during hormone therapy. D-Pyr correlated with the rate of bone loss, whereas this was not the case for F-Pyr. The correlations between the markers yielded r values of 0.71 (F-Pyr vs Pyr), 0.67 (F-Pyr vs D-Pyr), and 0.71 (F-Pyr vs T-Pyr). In conclusion, the present study shows that the newly introduced ELISA for determination of the free pyridinolines is less sensitive than pyridinium crosslinks measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) in hydrolyzed urine for the changes in calcium metabolism that occur at menopause and during hormone replacement therapy. Whether this limitation will be balanced out by avoiding the inconvenience of the complicated, expensive, and timeconsuming HPLC procedure is still being debated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305523
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the effect of salmon calcitonin in established osteoporosis by biochemical bone markers (1994)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 55 (1994), S. 8-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcitonin ; Follow-up ; Osteoporosis ; Biochemical markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract We reviewed data on 42 postmenopausal women with established osteoporosis (forearm fracture or a low bone mass0 who had been randomly treated for 1 year with either rectal salmon calcitonin (sCT), 100 IU daily (n=25) or nasal sCT, 200 IU daily (n=17) applying an estimation algorithm for bone loss rates. Both groups received a daily calcium supplement of 500 mg. A group of 18 age-matched women who received no treatment served as controls. The bone mineral content of the distal forearm (BMCarm) was measured every 3 months by single photon absorptiometry. The individual rates of change during the 1-year period were calculated by linear regression analysis (αBMCarm). Bone loss rates were estimated initially and after 1 year of therapy by measurements of serum alkaline phosphatase, plasma bone Gla protein, and fasting urinary hydroxyproline and calcium (both corrected for creatinine excretion) according to the estimation algorithm. Both administration forms revealed significant control group-corrected decreases in serum and urine markers of bone turnover of 15–40% (P〈0.05–0.01) and positive outcomes of 2% in αBMCarm (P〈0.01). The estimated effect on bone mass was expressed as the difference between the bone loss estimated after 1 year and initially (ΔESTBIO). A significant correlation was seen between αBMCarm and ΔESTBIO (r=0.5, P〈0.0001). We conclude that the effect of sCT on bone can be followed up by biochemical markers for bone turnover, i.e., by an annual blood and fasting urine sample, applying an estimation algorithm for the rate of bone loss.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310161
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy on the carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (1994)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 4 (1994), S. 349-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Collagen ; Hormone replacement therapy ; Menopause ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis ; Procollagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of the menopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the serum concentration of carboxy-terminal pyridinoline cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP), a potential new biochemical marker of bone resorption. A group of 44 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45–54 years, had about 19% higher serum ICTP than did a group of 42 healthy premenopausal women aged 35–50 years (3.6±0.8 µg/l v 3.0±0.7 µg/l (mean ±SD);p〈0.01), although there was a large overlap in the values. The 44 postmenopausal women also participated in a longitudinal clinical study, in which 20 received HRT and 24 received a placebo. Compared with the placebo group, those who received HRT had a significant (p〈0.05) decrease in ICTP of about 12% at the end of 1 year of treatment, but again there was considerable overlap in the values. The menopause-and HRT-induced changes in ICTP were less than those seen in serum osteocalcin, serum total alkaline phosphatase, and fasting urinary excretion of hydroxyproline, calcium, pyridinoline and deoxypyridinoline. We conclude that the menopause increases and HRT decreases ICTP, although these changes are less pronounced than those seen in other biochemical markers of bone turnover.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01622196
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential risk factors for development of postmenopausal osteoporosis — Examined over a 12-year period (1991)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 1 (1991), S. 95-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Bone densitometry ; Osteoporosis ; Risk factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In a longitudinal study, we investigated the influence of risk factors on bone mass at menopause and postmenopausal bone loss in 121 healthy postmenopausal women. These women had completed a 2-year prospective study in 1979 and a follow-up examination in 1989. Measurements of the bone mineral content in the distal forearm (single photon absorptiometry) were performed 9 times during the initial study and once at the follow-up examination. Bone mass at menopause (initial measurement), rate of early postmenopausal bone loss, and the subsequent rate of bone loss over 10 years were thus determined. In addition, the bone mineral density of the lumbar spine and proximal femur was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) in 1989. Information about risk factors was assessed by standardized questionnaires and included reproductive history and lifestyle factors (intake of calcium and vitamin D supplements, consumption of alcohol and caffeine, smoking habits, and physical activity). Lactation, oral contraceptive use, and dietary calcium intake above 1500 mg per day was associated with significantly increased bone mass at menopause. The number of pregnancies reduced the rate of early postmenopausal bone loss, whereas moderate alcohol consumption reduced the subsequent rate of bone loss. Smoking significantly reduced femoral bone mineral density. In conclusion, the present prospective study showed that some of the examined putative risk factors positively influenced bone mass at menopause, especially calcium intake, whereas the postmenopausal bone loss was virtually unaffected. Assessment of risk factors in postmenopausal women thus seems to have limited value for reducing future risk of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880450
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening procedure for women at risk of developing postmenopausal osteoporosis (1990)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 1 (1990), S. 35-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Osteoporosis ; Prediction ; Biochemical markers
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The present study includes 70 healthy, immediately postmenopausal women stratified according to future rate of bone loss. The stratification was performed by means of four parameters of bone turnover: serum alkaline phosphatase, fasting urinary calcium and hydroxyproline, and body weight, used in an equation developed in a previous study. After the stratification the women were followed without intervention for the next 24 months, with bone mass measurements every 3 months. The bone loss estimated at baseline by means of the equation correlated with the bone loss measured in the forearm (y=0.72x−1.52;r=0.61;P〈0.001). Plasma bone gla protein (BGP, osteocalcin), which is a new specific marker of bone formation, was now added to the model (replacing body weight). This increased the diagnostic validity (y=x;r=0.76;P〈0.001). From the present study we conclude that the postmenopausal bone loss can be predicted by means of four biochemical parameters determined in plasma and urine in women just after the menopause.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01880414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of the menopause and hormone replacement therapy on serum carboxyterminal propeptide of type I collagen (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 50-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Collagen ; Gestogen ; Menopause ; Oestrogen ; Osteoporosis ; Procolgen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the effect of the menopause and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on the serum concentration of carboxyterminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PICP), which is a biochemical marker of type I collagen synthesis. A group of 124 healthy postmenopausal women, aged 45–53 years, had about 20% higher serum PICP than did a group of 40 healthy premenopausal women aged 35–52 years (114±35 µg/1 vs. 95±26 µg/l (mean ± SD);p=0.002). The 124 postmenopausal women were also participating in a double-masked longitudinal study with two placebo groups and four different hormone replacement therapy groups. The four hormone regimens resulted in similar responses in serum PICP. Compared with placebo, 1 year of treatment with any of the four hormone replacement therapies significantly decreased serum PICP to premenopausal levels. We conclude that the formation of type I collagen is increased shortly after the menopause and that hormone replacement therapy reverses this increase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01623177
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human growth hormone and growth hormone releasing hormone: A double-masked, placebo-controlled study of their effects on bone metabolism in elderly women (1993)
    Springer
    Osteoporosis international 3 (1993), S. 330-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2965
    Keywords: Growth hormone ; Growth hormone releasing hormone ; Osteoporosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We treated 42 postmenopausal women with decreased bone mass for 12 weeks with human growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, or placebo. Bone density and biochemical markers were determined before and during treatment, and 4 weeks after withdrawal. Biochemical markers of bone formation and resorption increased significantly in the group treated with growth hormone, whereas no changes were seen in the other groups. After withdrawal of therapy the bone markers declined without reaching baseline values. Bone density in the forearm, spine and proximal femur was unchanged in all groups. We conclude that treatment with growth hormone stimulates bone metabolism in elderly postmenopausal women with decreased bone mass.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01637319
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