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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of drug metabolism in hepatic disease: Comparison of plasma kinetics of oral cyclobarbital and the intravenous aminopyrine breath test (1984)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 95-101 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: cyclobarbital ; aminopyrine ; liver disease ; 14CO2 breath test ; barbiturate ; pharmacokinetics ; hepatic drug metabolism ; cirrhosis ; alcoholic liver disease ; viral hepatitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The exhalation of 14CO2 derived from an i.v. tracer dose of [dimethylamine-14C]aminopyrine has been investigated in normal controls and patients. They subsequently ingested 200 mg cyclobarbital calcium in the evening and the decline in the plasma drug level over the following 2 days was measured by thin-layer chromatography. The peak specific activity of exhaled 14CO2 occurred 0.5–2 h after 14C-aminopyrine injection in the absence of liver disease and in non-cirrhotic liver disorders. It was delayed in certain patients with cirrhosis. Compared to 8 medically healthy subjects, 10 patients with acute viral hepatitis, 8 with cirrhosis and 10 with fatty liver exhibited a significantly increased half-life of 14CO2 exhalation. Normal mean values were found in 12 patients with non-cirrhotic alcoholic liver disease and in 14 patients with non-hepatic diseases. The cyclobarbital (CB) half-life was prolonged and the clearance reduced in patients with viral hepatitis, cirrhosis, or alcoholic liver damage as compared to data from 17 control subjects. Due to a larger apparent volume of distribution, patients with fatty liver disease had an increased CB half-life, although its clearance was normal. A close negative correlation was detected between the clearance and the logarithm of the CB level measured 36 h after drug ingestion. The oral CB test evaluated from a single blood sample taken about 36 h after drug administration appears to be a useful indicator of human drug metabolising capacity. Discrimination between patients with and without disordered liver function was similar in the two drug elimination tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00546715
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma levels of parent drug and metabolites in the intravenous aminopyrine breath test (1982)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 521-528 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: aminopyrine ; breath test ; metabolites ; plasma levels ; drug metabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary [Dimethylamine-14C]-aminopyrine was given i.v. to 5 healthy volunteers and 5 medical patients in a dose of 1.67 mg/kg, containing 0.02 µCi/kg 14C. In 4 volunteers the experiment was repeated using oral administration of aminopyrine. Exhalation of 14CO2 was followed for 6–10 h and plasma levels of the drug and of its metabolites 4-methylamino-antipyrine, 4-amino-antipyrine, 4-acetylamino-antipyrine and 4-formylamino-antipyrine, were measured by thin-layer chromatography. The concentration-time profiles of the metabolites mostly failed to conform to a Bateman function. Areas under the curves from 1 to 6 h after dosing indicated distinct interindividual differences in metabolite patterns even in the absence of disturbed liver function, whereas the intraindividual data were closely reproducible. In most subjects, the area of 4-formylamino-antipyrine exceeded that of the acetyl analogue. The metabolite patterns did not exhibit a consistent relationship to the ratios between 14CO2 half-life in breath and aminopyrine half-life in plasma, which varied from 1.4 to 3.2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00542049
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wiederholte schwere diabetische Ketoazidose durch Intoxikation mit synthetischen Drogen (,,Ecstasy`` und ,,Speed``) (1997)
    Springer
    Intensivmedizin und Notfallmedizin 34 (1997), S. 46-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1420
    Keywords: Key words Diabetic ketoacidosis ; synthetic drugs ; ``Ecstasy'' ; ``Speed'' ; Schlüsselwörter Diabetische Ketoazidose ; synthetische Drogen ; Ecstasy`` ; Speed``
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ein 24jähriger Typ I-Diabetiker geriet im Rahmen von Intoxikationen mit synthetischen Drogen (,,Ecstasy`` und ,,Speed``) innerhalb weniger Wochen wiederholt in schwere diabetische Ketoazidosen (Serumbikarbonat 7,9 bzw. 4,3 mmol/l). Bei dekompensierter diabetischer Stoffwechsellage (HbA1c initial 11,7%) waren unter Drogeneinfluß jeweils die Insulininjektionen unterblieben. Zudem hatte der Patient bei Manifestation der ersten Ketoazidose ohne adäquate Flüssigkeitszufuhr auf einer Techno-Party stundenlang getanzt. Das klinische Bild zeigte neben der Exsikkose und einer Tachykardie peritonitische Symptome; Störungen des Bewußtseins mit Agitiertheit bzw. Halluzinationen und Verfolgungswahn sind im wesentlichen auf die Drogenintoxikation zu beziehen. Die Therapie umfaßte die intravenöse Flüssigkeits-, Elektrolyt- und Insulinsubstitution. Die Verläufe waren unkompliziert. Folgerung: Im Rahmen strukturierter Schulungen und allgemeiner ärztlicher Betreuung von jungen Diabetikern sollte auf die Risiken des Konsumes von Drogen eingegangen werden.
    Notes: Summary A 24-year-old type I diabetic suffered from recurrent episodes of severe diabetic ketoacidosis (serum bicarbonate 7.9 and 4.3 mmol/l, respectively) following intoxication with synthetic drugs (``Ecstasy'' and ``Speed''). Despite poor diabetic control (HbA1c 11.7%) insulin was omitted while drugs were taken. Dancing for hours at a Technoparty without adequate volume replacement preceded his first urgent admission to hospital. The clinical picture disclosed dehydration, tachycardia and abdominal symptoms (peritonism). Clouding of consciousness, agitation and delusions were attributed to drug consumption. Therapy included intravenous fluid replacement, correction of electrolyte disturbances and application of insulin. The clinical courses were unremarkable. Conclusion: Danger of drug consumption should be pointed out during training sessions to young diabetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003900050020
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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