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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): Clarias gariepinus ; African catfish ; teleost fish ; puberty ; spermatogenesis ; steroidogenesis ; testis ; interrenal tissue ; androgen blood levels
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract In fish, sex steroids initiate and/or accelerate the maturation of the brain-pituitary-gonad axis. In order to obtain information on the steroid milieu during the pubertal development of male African catfish, we have monitored the conversion of [3H]-pregnenolone and [3H]-androstenedione by testis and [3H]-pregnenolone by interrenal tissue fragmentsin vitro. Pubertal development occurs between two and six months of age. Testicular development proceeds through four main stages that are characterised histologically by the presence of spermatogonia (stage I), spermatogonia and spermatocytes (stage II), spermatogonia, spermatocytes and spermatids (stage III), and all germ cells including spermatozoa (stage IV). 11β-Hydroxyandrostenedione and cortisol were the main products of testes and interrenal tissue, respectively, in all stages of the pubertal development; a change in the steroidogenic pattern was not observed during this period. The interrenal tissue displayed no significant conversion of [3H]-pregnenolone to 11-oxygenated androgens. Blood plasma was analyzed for the presence of five androgens; testosterone, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, androstenetrione, and 11-ketotestosterone. 11-Ketotestosterone was the quantitatively dominating androgen in the circulation at all stages of development, which was more pronounced in stages III and IV. The obvious differences between thein vitro andin vivo results, namely 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione being the main testicular productvs. 11-ketotestosterone dominating in the blood, may indicate that 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione is converted to 11-ketotestosterone at extratesticular sites.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; teleosts ; testis ; steroids
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract With the final aim of identifying the testicular steroids involved in the feedback mechanism of the hypothalamus-pituitary-gonad axis, steroid secretion by the testis of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was studied in vitro, by means of gas chromatography followed by mass spectrometry. Testicular fragments of sexually mature catfish raised in captivity were incubated in L-15 medium with and without catfish pituitary extract (cfPE). Without adding cfPE, 22 steroids could be identified, amongst which 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione, 11β-hydroxytestosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and 11-ketoandrostenedione were dominating. After incubation in the presence of cfPE, the concentrations of the four 11-oxygenated steroids were increased about 4-fold. The amounts of pregnane derivatives in the incubation medium showed the largest increases in the presence of cfPE. 5β-Pregnane-triol levels, for example, were 60-fold higher than in the medium from control incubations. The secretion of 5α- and 5β-androstanes was also stimulated by cfPE. The stimulation was not equal for all steroids, indicating that cfPE not only stimulates total steroidogenesis by increasing the availability of cholesterol, but also by influencing specific steroid converting enzyme activities.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5168
    Schlagwort(e): 11-ketotestosterone ; gonadotropin releasing-hormone ; gonadotropin secretion ; steroid feedback ; male African catfish
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Résumé La 11-ketotestosterone (OT) est un androgène caractéristique des poissons téléostéens mâles mais les informations sur son implication dans le rétrocontrôle sur la sécrétion de l'hormone gonadotrope II (GtH II) sont très contreversées. Les effets de OT sur la sécrétion de GtH II induite par la gonadolibérine (GnRH) ont donc été étudiés chez le poisson chat africain (Clarias gariepinus) dans le présent papier. Des expériences ont été menées in vivo sur des poissons intacts et castrés. Les teneurs plasmatiques en OT ont été augmentées grâce à l'implantation de capsules en silastic contenant de la 11-ketoandrostenedione (OA) qui est transformée en OT chez les poissons intacts et castrés. Quand les mâles intacts reçoivent des implants témoins ou contenants de l'OA, un traitement avec un analogue de la gonadolibérine de saumon (Des-Gly10-DArg6-sGnRH-Net; 0.2 μg de sGnRHa/kg de poids vif) entraîne une élévation des teneurs plasmatiques de GtH II dans les deux groupes d'animaux. Cependant, les niveaux plasmatiques sont 2 fois plus élevés chez les poissons témoins que chez ceux implantés avec de l'OA. Quand les poissons castrés reçoivent des implants témoins ou contenant de l'OA, le traitement au sGnRHa induit une augmentation de la GtH plasmatique plus élevées que celle observée chez les poissons “fantômes”. Cependant, il n'y a pas de différence entre les poissons castrés témoins et implantés avec OA bien que l'implantation avec OA entraîne une restauration des niveaux plasmatiques en OT. Ceci suggère que la supplémentation en OT ne suffit pas à renverser les effets induits par la castration. Des expériences in vitro ont été menées en utilisant des fragments hypophysaires maintenus dans un système de culture statique. Les fragments hypophysaires restent sensibles au sGnRHA (5 × 10−9M) pendant 4 jours. Une préincubation pendant 24 heures avec 25 ng de OT par ml de milieu (80 nM) abolit complètement l'effet stimulateur du sGnRHa sur la sécrétion de GtH II. L'OT tritiée n'était pas métabolisée pendant 8 heures d'incubation. En conclusion, chez le poisson chat african mâle, la 11-ketotestostèrone, androgène circulant prédominant et non aromatisable participe, au moins en partie par une action directe au niveau hypophysaire, à la régulation d'un rétrocontrôle négatif sur la sécrétion de GtH-II induite par le GnRH.
    Notizen: Abstract 11-ketotestosterone (OT) is a typical androgen of male teleost fish, but information on the question if it is involved in the feedback regulation of pituitary gonadotropin II (GTH-II) secretion is controversial. We have therefore studied the effects of OT on gonadotropin releasing-hormone (GnRH) stimulated GTH-II secretion in male African catfish Clarias gariepinus). In vivo experiments were carried out with intact and castrated fish. OT plasma levels were increased by implantation of silastic capsules containing 11-ketoandrostenedione (OA) which is converted to OT in both intact and castrated fish. When intact males received OA- or blank-capsules, treatment with salmon gonadotropin releasing-hormone analogue (Des-Gly10-D-Arg6-sGnRH-NEt; 0.2 μg sGnRHa/kg body weight) elevated the plasma GTH-11 levels in both groups. However, the levels were about 2 times higher in blank- than in OA-implanted fish. When castrated fish received either blank-or OA-capsules, sGnRHa treatment led to plasma GTH levels significantly higher than in sham-operated fish. However, there was no difference between the blank- or OA-implanted castrates, though OA implantation led to a restoration of OT plasma levels. This suggests that replacement ofOT is insufficient to reverse castration-induced effects. In vitro experiments were carried out with pituitary tissue fragments using a static culture system. The tissue remained sensitive to sGnRHa (5 × 10−9M) for 4 days after the beginning of incubation. Preincubation of pituitary tissue for 24 hours with 25 ng OT/ml medium (80 nM) completely abolished the stimulatory effect of sGnRHa on GTH-II secretion. Tritiated OT was not metabolized by pituitary tissue during 6 hours of incubation. We conclude that 11-ketotestosterone, a quantitatively prominent and non-aromatizeable circulating androgen participates, at least in part by direct action on the pituitary, in the negative feedback regulation of GnRH-stimulated GTH-II secretion in male African catfish.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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