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  • General Chemistry  (6)
  • Organic Chemistry  (4)
  • Soil nutrients  (2)
  • 11H99  (1)
  • 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11J61  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 131 (2000), S. 15-28 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Keywords: 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 11J61 ; 11J13 ; Key words: Simultaneous approximation ; non-archimedean absolute values
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract.  Let be the approximation exponent of a power series α (so that when α is algebraic of degree d, then by Dirichlet’s and Liouville’s Theorems). If the characteristic is positive, q is a power of the characteristic, and are related by a fractional linear transformation with polynomial coefficients, then by respective work of Voloch and of de Mathan, there are constants such that has no solution if , and infinitely many solutions if . We will formulate and prove generalizations to simultaneous approximation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 125 (1998), S. 37-81 
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Keywords: 11H06 ; 11H99 ; 11H55 ; Distribution of lattices ; generalized upper half plane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Lattices Λ, Λ′ are similar if one can be transformed into the other by an angle-preserving linear map. Similarity classes of lattices of rankn may be parametrized by a fundamental domainℱ of the action ofGL n (ℤ) on the generalized upper half-plane ℋ n . Given 1〈n≤m and , letN(D,T) be the number of sublattices of ℋ n which have rankn, similarity class inD, and determinant ≤T. Our most basic result will be thatN(D,T)∼c 1(m, n)μ(D)T m asT→∞ for suitable setsD, where μ is the invariant measure on ℋ n . The casen=2 had been dealt with by Roelcke and by Maass using the theory of modular forms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 36 (1978), S. 105-113 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Nitrogen mineralization ; Old-field vegetation ; Permanent plots ; Soil nutrients ; Vegetation dynamics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Starting in 1968 plant succession and nitrogen status in the top soil of an old field was investigated. The soil is a calcareous loam which was sterilized by heating. In the absence of human influence distinct successional stages with characteristic floristical and physiognomical features were observed. During the first six years vegetational development was characterized by competition between therophytes and hemicryptophytes. Agricultural treatments such as annual ploughing (spring, summer) and cutting (autumn) were found to change the trend of the succession. Five years after starting the experiment total nitrogen content in the top soil of the control area had increased slightly, while the ploughed plots persisted in their low values. A comparison of the nitrogen mineralisation between 1970 and 1974 showed decreasing amounts of mineral nitrogen in the later stage (1970: 67 kg Nmin/ha/30 weeks; 33 kg Nmin/ha/30 weeks). On the other hand, mineral nitrogen supply on the ploughed plots was not significantly different after the five-years-period. It is suggested that in old-field vegetation the external nitrogen cycle of the early therophyte stage changed to an internal one when long-lived hemicryptophytes, rhizome- and root-budding geophytes became dominant. Tables 1 to 4 show the vegetation development under different treatments; the figures represent average cover values per vegetation season using Londo's (1975) scale. Table 5 contains the total nitrogen concentration values in the uppermost of 10 cm of mineral soil, and Table 6 lists the values for soil volume, mean soil temperatures, average water content, and mineral nitrogen supplies for 1970 and 1974.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant ecology 30 (1975), S. 133-145 
    ISSN: 1573-5052
    Keywords: Aerial photography ; Africa ; Grassland ; Permanent plots ; Soil nutrients ; Tanzania ; Vegetation mosaic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In den Serengeti Plains (Serengeti National Park, Tanzania) wurde 1972 auf fünf Dauerprobeflächen das kleinräumige Vegetationsmosaik nach der Methode Zürich-Montpellier aufgenommen, gegliedert und mit Hilfe von Luftbildern kartiert. Zwei Dauerprobeflächen im Nordwesten der Serengeti Plains wurden demPennisetum mezianum-Grasland (long grassland) zugeordnet. Es ist besonders durch hohe Obergräser charakterisiert, wobei im kleinräumigen Vegetationsmosaik aus vier bzw. fünf Vegetationseinheiten innerhalb dieser Dauerprobeflächen Artenkombination, Bewuchshöhe und Deckungsgrad auf engem Raum rasch wechseln können. Im zentralen Teil der Serengeti Plains liegen zwei Dauerprobeflächen imAndropogon greenwayi-Grasland (intermediate grassland).Andropogon greenwayi dominiert bei hohen Nährstoff-Konzentrationen im Oberboden mit einer dichten, niedrigen Grasnarbe, reagiert aber auf kleinräumige edaphische Unterschiede sehr empfindlich und schafft so ein besonders markantes Vegetationsmosaik aus drei bzw. vier Vegetationseinheiten. Relativ homogen ist dagegen die Vegetation der Dauerprobefläche desSporobolus verdcourtii-Graslandes (short grassland) im Südosten des Serengeti Nationalparks. Hier konnten nur zwei Vegetationseinheiten unterschieden werden. Chemische Bodenuntersuchungen zeigen, da§ sowohl die gro§räumige als auch die kleinräumige Vegetationsgliederung stark mit edaphischen Bedingungen korreliert ist. Auf Grund des unterschiedlichen vulkanischen Einflusses (Mächtigkeit und Alter der kalkhaltigen Ascheablagerungen) und der Niederschlagsverteilung ergibt sich in den Serengeti Plains ein Nordwest-Südost-Gradient: hohe Niederschläge und geringe vulkanische Ascheablagerungen sind imPennisetum mezianum-Grasland, geringe Niederschläge und mächtige Ascheablagerungen mit hoher Salinität und Alkalinität sind für die Böden imSporobolus verdcourtii-Grasland charakteristisch. Diesen Ausgangsbedingungen entspricht auch ein unterschiedliches Stickstoff- und Kohlenstoff-Niveau im Oberboden der einzelnen Dauerprobeflächen, das dann kleinräumig noch weiter stark differenziert ist. So lassen sich die Pflanzenarten der Serengeti Plains entsprechend ihrem Verhalten gegenüber den Nährstoff-Konzentrationen im Boden in sechs Gruppen einteilen und als Indikatoren für die Nährstoff-Versorgung bzw. die allgemeinen chemischen Bodenbedingungen verwenden.
    Notes: Summary During 1972 the vegetation mosaic within five plots located representatively within the Serengeti Plains (Serengeti National Park, Tanzania) was described by the Z:urich-Montpellier method and mapped with the aid of aerial photographs. Two plots, in the northwestern Serengeti Plains, belong to thePennisetum mezianum-grassland type. The vegetation mosaic of these plots (comprising four and five vegetation units respectively) is marked by rapid changes over short distances in species composition, height and degree of cover of the herb layer. Two plots in the central Serengeti Plains are dominated by a low dense cover ofAndropogon greenwayi-grassland. These plots show heterogeneity in soil conditions and a marked vegetation mosaic comprising three and four vegetation units respectively on the basis of varying responses of the leading species. One plot in the southeastern Serengeti Plains, which is dominated bySporobolus verdcourtii-grassland, is relatively homogenous. Only two vegetation units were distinguished here. Chemical analysis shows that soil factors influence the occurrence of vegetation zones over large areas as well as the pattern of the vegetation mosaic within the relatively small study plots. The Serengeti Plains are characterized by a northwest-southwest gradient of environmental factors which control soil conditions. High rainfall and thin deposits of volcanic tuffs influence soil characteristics which supportPennisetum mezianum-grassland. The soil ofSporobolus verdcourtii-grassland, however, is influenced by low rainfall and thick deposits of volcanic tuffs which have high levels of salinity and alkalinity. These broadly defined site conditions show correspondingly different levels of carbon and nitrogen. The influence of these two chemical factors is also reflected in the nature of vegetation mosaic within each study plot. It is possible to ecologically classify the plant species into six groups based on nutrient requirement levels. These groups can be used as indicators for nutrient supply as well as for general chemical conditions of the soils of the plant communities which were studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0947-3440
    Keywords: Spiranes ; Liquid crystals ; Structure-property relations of LC substances ; TosMIC ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A number of terminally substituted spiranes were prepared from 9-pentyl-3-spiro[5.5]undecanone (7), which was obtained in a five-step synthesis starting from 4-pentylcyclohexanone (1), using an intramolecular cyclisation with 4-toluenesulfonylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) as a key step. By a comparison of the physical data of the new spiro[5.5]undecane derivatives I with those of several well-known, analogous substituted compounds - solely differing in their central building unit - conclusions regarding the effects of the spiro ring system on its mesogenic potential are drawn.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Sulfur Compounds in Crude Oil, IV. - Alkaline Cleavage of 4,5-Annulated Cyclopenta[b]-thiophen-6-ones2-Aryl-4-(carboxyaryl)-3-thiophenecarboxylic acids 6a - c or esters 5 are formed from 4,5-annulated methyl 2-aryl-6-oxo-6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophene-3-carboxylates 1 by cleavage of the cyclopentadienone ring with methanolic potassium hydroxide. The mechanism is discussed.
    Notes: 4,5-Anellierte 2-Aryl-6-oxo-6H-cyclopenta[b]thiophen-3-carbosäure-methylester 1 reagieren mit methanolischem Kaliumhydroxid unter Spaltung des Cylopentadienon-Ringes zu 2-Aryl-4-(carboxyaryl)-3-thiophencarbonsäuren 6a - c order Estern 5. Der Mechanismus wird diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Photochemistry of Small Rings, XXVIII1). - Dibenzo[2.4]spirenes and Their Derivatives via Photofragmentation and Thermolysis of SpiropyrazolesPhotofragmentation of the spiropyrazoles 3 leads to the dibenzo[2.4]spirenes 4 in good to average yields. Thermolysis of 3 at lower temperatures also gives 4. At higher temperature, however, the pentalene derivatives 9 are formed. This rearrangement involves spirenes 4. The vinylcarbene 11 or the diradical 13 are intermediates in the reaction 3 → 4. Rearrangement 4 → 9 can proceed synchronously or via the diradical 15.
    Notes: Die Photofragmentierung der Spiropyrazole 3 ergibt in guten bis mittleren Ausbeuten die Dibenzo[2.4]spirene 4. Die Thermolyse von 3 führt bei tieferen Temperaturen ebenfalls zu 4, bei höheren Temperaturen werden die Pentalen-Derivate 9 gebildet. Bei dieser Umlagerung treten die Spirene 4 als Zwischenprodukte auf. Die Reaktion 3 → 4 dürfte über das Vinylcarben 11 oder das Diradikal 13 als Zwischenstufen verlaufen. Die Umlagerung 4 → 9 kann entweder synchron oder über ein Diradikal 15 formuliert werden.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1974 (1974), S. 1140-1149 
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: N-Heterocycles via 1,3-DipolarAddition and 1,5-Sigmatropic Shifts1,3-Dipolar cycloaddition of diazofluorene (1a) to the alkynes 2 affords the diaza[4.4]spirenes 3. With the other diazocyclopentadienes 1b-e the primary adduct 3 undergoes a 1,5-sigma- tropic shift to give the azaindolizines 4 or the 3aH-indazoles 5. Acid-catalyzed rearrangement of 3 produces the 1H-indazoles 6. Substituent effects on cycloaddition and 1,5-rearrangement are discussed. An alternative mechanism is proposed for the van Alphen rearrangement 3 → 6.
    Notes: Die 1,3-dipolare Cycloaddition von Diazofluoren (1a) an die Alkine 2 ergibt die Diazat[4.4]spirene 3. Bei den anderen Diazocyclopentadienen 1b-e geht das primär gebildete 3 eine 1,5-sigmatrope Umlagerung zu den Azaindolizinen 4 oder den 3aH-Indazolen 5 ein. Die säurekatalysierte Umlagerung von 3 liefert die 1H-Indazole 6. Substituenteneffekte der Cycloaddition und der 1,5-Umlagerungen werden diskutiert. Für die van-Alphen-Umlagerung 3 → 6 wird ein alternativer Mechanismus vorgeschlagen.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 106 (1994), S. 1818-1821 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Cyclopeptide ; Glycopeptide ; Selectine ; SialylLewisx ; Zelladhäsion ; Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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