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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Calculations, AM1, PM3 ; Anomeric effect ; Conformationa. ana.;sis ; Benzazoles, N-substituted ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The crystal structures of 1-[(2-naphthyloxy)methyl]-lH-benzotriazole (4) and -1H-benzimidazole (8) and the 3-metho-quaternary iodide 9 derived from 8 are reported. The experimentally determined geometries are compared with the corresponding results from MNDO, AM1, and PM3 calculations. Remarkably, the crystal structures differ significantly from those calculated by AM1 as most stable. - Thus, conformations of 9 (from the crystal structure) and 9a (the most stable AM1 structure) differ in energy by ca. 3.5 kcal/mol. This stabilization of 9a is due to the anomeric effect which cannot be expressed in conformation 9. Calculations of the alternative cleavage of the methyl or of the naphthyloxymethyl cation (Figure 6) clarify discrepancies between the experimental and the calculated bond lengths.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1431-1434 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Proton transfer ; Fragmentation of rings ; Aryllithium ; Carbanions ; Imines ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The title carbanions 1 are shown to lose nitrogen to afford ortho-carbiminophenyl anions 4 which can be protonated by inter- or intramolecular proton transfer or react inter- or intramolecularly with other types of electrophilic center.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1809-1817 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithiation ; Mannich reaction ; Alkylation ; Grignard reaction ; Condensation ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Phenols and naphthols are benzotriazolylmethylated by 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1H-benzotriazole (13) (a formaldehyde derivative) in the o- or (if both o-positions are occupied) in the p-position. The reaction can be extended to other aldehydes in the case of the naphthols. The methylene group in the o-(benzotriazolylmethyl)phenols can be lithiated (but only after trimethylsilyl protection of the hydroxy group) and then substituted by various electrophiles. The benzotriazole residues in both the primary products and in their substituted derivatives can be displaced by the alkyl anions of Grignard reagents or by hydride ions allowing the elaboration of many new types of substituted phenols.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: AM1 ; Conformational analysis ; Hexahydrotetrazine ; Tetrahydrodioxadiazine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimenteller Test der Strukturvorhersagen semiempirischer Methoden: Bis(1,2-dioxa-4,6-diazacycloheptano) [4′,5′,6′: 1,6,5]-[4″,5″,6″: 2,3,4]-1,2,4,5-tetraazacyclohexan; Ein 7:6:7-tricyclisches System, das von der AM1-Methode korrekt als stabiler als sein 6:6:6-tricyclisches Isomer beschrieben wirdDas aus Hydrazinsulfat, Formaldehyd und Wasserstoffperoxid entstehende tricyclische Kondensationsprodukt 3a, dessen 7:6:7-Struktur bereits früher durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt wurde, liegt laut NMR-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen in Lösung als Konformerengemisch aus 3a und 3b vor. Aus AM1- Rechnungen ergibt sich, daß die beiden 7:6:7-Strukturen 3a und 3b nahezu energiegleich und stabiler sind als die 6:6:6-Isomeren 2a, 2b und 2c. MNDO sagt die umgekehrte Stabilität voraus [ΔHf(2) 〈 ΔHf(3)]. Durch AM1-Berechnungen von Modellverbindungen, die in den tricyclischen Systemen als Untereinheiten enthalten sind, wird gezeigt, daß für die relativen Energieunterschiede drei wesentliche Einflüsse verantwortlich sind: a) Die 1,3-Wechselwirkung nichtbindender Elektronenpaare in den 6:6:6-Systemen,b) die Ringspannung der zentralen Tetraazacyclohexan-Einheit der 7:6:7-Systeme und c) die günstigen sterischen Voraussetzungen zur konformativen Stabilisierung des 7:6:7-Systems durch den anomeren Effekt.
    Notes: The condensation product 3a of hydrazine sulfate, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, for which the tricyclic 7:6:7-ring structure 3a was previously established for the solid state by X-ray analysis, exists as a mixture of conformations 3a and 3b in solution. AM1 calculations show the two 7:6:7-tricyclic conformers 3a and 3b to be of approximately equal energy, and substantially lower in energy than the three isomeric 6:6:6-perhydroheteroanthracene conformers 2a, 2b and 2c. By contrast, analogous MNDO calculations predicted that the perhydroanthracene analog conformers 2, should be more stable than 3 [ΔHf(2) 〈 ΔHf(3)]. AM1 calculations of model compounds, containing various subunits of the tricyclic systems, demonstrate that three significant factors are responsible for the relative energies: a) The 1,3-lone pair repulsions in the 6:6:7 system. b) The ring strain of the central tetra-aza unit in the 7:6:7 system. c) The advantageous energetic consequences of the anomeric effect in the stable conformation of the 7:6:7 system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 1545-1552 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Benzotriazole ; 1-Imidoylbenzotriazoles ; Grignard reactions ; Ring cleavage ; Ring nitrogen electrophilicity ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Grignard reagents attack 1-imidoylbenzotriazoles at the imidoyl carbon atom and also at the benzotriazolyl N-2 and N-3 atoms leading to complex reaction mixtures, the composition of which allowed identification of the main reaction paths. Mechanisms are discussed. Previous examples of nucleophilic attack on pyridine-like nitrogen atoms are reviewed. The 1-imidoylbenzotriazoles were prepared from amides with benzotriazole and phosphoryl chloride. Amides derived from secondary amines give α-(benzotriazol-1-yl) enamines.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Gas-phase dissociation ; Appearance energies ; Calculations, AM1 ; Pyridinium cations, N-benzyl-2,4,6-substituted ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Collisionally activated dissociations (CADs) of various pyridine-ring substituted N-benzylpyridinium cations in the gas phase form the substituted pyridine and benzyl carbocation. Appearance energies (AEs) are estimated quantitatively from the appearance thresholds of the corresponding fragment ion from the laser-desorbed pyridinium cations. MO calculations predict that such unimolecular dissociation processes lead initially to ion-molecule pairs (IMPs): some such IMPs are of significantly lower energy than the fully dissociated products. The AEs have also been compared with the energy differences [ΔΔHf=ΔHf(Py) + ΔHf(R+)  -  ΔHf(Py+R)] determined by AM1 calculations: in many cases these are quite close to the calculated energy differences; discrepancies are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Vilsmeier-Reaktionen, V.  -  Vilsmeier-Reaktionen von 2-Alkyl-2-cyclohexen-1-onen: Ein neuer Zugang zu Dihydrobenzaldhyden, Bildung von Allyalkoholen als Nebenprodukte sowie Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 3-Chlor-2-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-olDie Umsetzung einer Reihe von 2-Alkyl-2-cyclohexen-1-onen mit 4-Formylmorpholin in Gegenwart von POCl3 lieferte die entsprechenden 3-Alkyl-2-chlor-5,6-dihydrobenzaldehyde, meistens begleitet von erheblichen Mengen an Allylalkoholen als Nebenprodukte. Die Struktur des Allylalkohols 12a aus 2-Methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-on wurde durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt. Die Allylalkohole entstehen vermutlich durch Addition von Oxyanionen an Vilsmeier-Zwischenprodukte.
    Notes: A series of 2-alkyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ones on reaction with 4-formylmorpholine in the presence of POCl3 gave the corresponding 3-alkyl-2-chloro-5,6-dihydrobenzaldehydes, usually accompanied by significant amounts of allylic alcohols as by-products. The structure of the allylic alcohol 12a from 2-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-one was confirmed by X-ray analysis. The allylic alcohols are probably formed by addition of oxyanions to Vilsmeier intermediates.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 123 (1990), S. 1443-1445 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Amines, secondary ; Benzotriazole ; mannich reaction ; Grignard reagent ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new method has been developed for the selective conversion of primary aliphatic amines into unsymmetrical secondary amines by Grignard reaction of 1-[(alkylamino)methyl]-benzotriazoles 1. This method employs simple procedure and mild conditions, and is specific in that only monoalkylation of the primary amines results.
    Additional Material: 4 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 124 (1991), S. 1819-1826 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Lithiation ; Grignard reaction ; Condensation ; Aryl ethers ; Diarylmethanes ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Methoxybenzenes and -naphthalenes are benzotriazolylmethylated in the para-position or if this is blocked in an ortho- position. The methylene groups in the products are readily substituted by electrophiles via the lithiated derivatives. Displacement of the benzotriazole group can be effected by organometallic reagents or by electron-rich benzoid compounds to afford a versatile method for the synthesis of substituted aryl ethers.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 27 (1989), S. 1090-1093 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 1H NMR ; 13C NMR ; 1-Substituted pyridinium salts ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of a series of 1-substituted pyridinium salts were measured in dimethyl sulfoxide. The effect of the quaternary pyridinium ring on the resonance of the methylene group of the substituent is reported. Increments of δ1H = 3.89 ± 0.16 ppm and δ13C = 47.5 ± 3.7 ppm and are estimated for replacing YCH2H with YCH2Py+. The effects of 1-substituents on the pyridinium ring chemical shifts are discussed.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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