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  • 1
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Phenonium rearrangement ; Nucleophilic displacement ; Stereoisomers ; 1H- and13C NMR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Ausgehend von 2-Phenylpropionsäure (1) wurde 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-butandiol-1,4-ditosylat (7) symthetisiert. Das Säurechlorid wurde bromiert und zu Methyl-2-phenyl-2-brom-propionat (4) umgesetzt, das mit Zink/Kupfer zu Dimethyl-2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylsuccinat (5) gekuppelt wurde. Reduktion mitLAH zu 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutandiol (6) und nachfolgende Tosylierung ergab eine Mischung der meso und racemischen Tosylate7a undb, welche in die reinen Isomere aufgetrennt werden konnten (a Fp. 170 °C undb Fp. 121 °C). Die beiden Verbindungen ergaben bei Behandlung mit Tetraalykylammoniumbromid nicht das erwartete 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenyl-1,4-dibrombutan (9), sondern 1,4-Diphenyl-2,3-dimethyl-butadien-1,3 (8). Das wurde durch unabhängige Synthese von8 auf anderem Wege, Vergleich der spektroskopischen Eigenschaften und mittels Mischschmelzpunkt nachgewiesen.
    Notes: Abstract 2,3-Dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutanediol-1,4-ditosylate (7) was synthesized starting from 2-phenylpropionic acid (1). The acid chloride was brominated and transformed into methyl 2-phenyl-2-bromo-propionate (4) which was coupled with a zinc/copper couple to dimethyl 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylsuccinate (5). Reduction with lithium aluminum hydride to 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenylbutanediol-1,4 (6) was followed by tosylation. The tosylate 7 a mixture of the meso and racemic compounds, could be separated into the pure isomers,a m. p. 170 °C andb m. p. 121 °C. The mixture of each individual pure compound, when treated with tetraalkyl-ammonium bromide, did not give the expected 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diphenyl-1,4-dibromobutane (9) but rather 1,4-diphenyl-2,3-dimethylbutadiene-1,3 (8). The identity of the compound was established by independent unequivocal synthesis, the comparison of spectral characteristics, and mixed melting point.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Key words Monodomain ; Conoscopy ; Alignment angle ; Shear
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Orientational changes in monodomains of flow-aligning liquid crystals, 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobiphenyl and N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-butylaniline, were studied during shear and recovery in a linear shearing device fitted to an optical microscope. Planar alignment (director in the shear plane) allows the study of twist effects and was generated by strong planar anchoring at the walls with orientations in a range of 0–90° with the shear direction. While being held back by the anchoring walls, shear caused the bulk director to rotate towards a steady-state alignment angle in the shear direction (Leslie angle θL). The transient director rotation was observed with conoscopy. It was found that increasing the initial alignment towards the vorticity direction increased the measured θL. Upon stopping the flow, the bulk director returned to its initial state. With initial alignment orientation changing from parallel to perpendicular to the flow direction, the rate of the twist-driven recovery process increases. This rate increase is not seen in the splay-driven recovery which is constant and consistently faster than twist-driven recovery at all orientations studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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