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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (4)
  • 2,4-D  (1)
  • Capillary electrophoresis  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of the herbicides mecoprop, dichlorprop, and 2,4-D in aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludge as determined by laboratory batch studies and enantiomer-specific analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 10 (1999), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: chirality ; 2,4-D ; dichlorprop ; herbicide biodegradation ; mecoprop ; phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Aerobic degradation experiments with the racemic mixtures of mecoprop and dichlorprop revealed that activated sludge collected from the aeration tank of a municipal waste water treatment plant degraded both enantiomers of mecoprop and dichlorprop within 7 days, albeit in an enantioselective manner; the (S) enantiomers were preferentially degraded. Mecoprop, dichlorprop, and 2,4-D were completely metabolized under aerobic conditions, as shown by the 86–98% elimination of dissolved organic carbon. Under anaerobic conditions, the concentration of 2,4-D decreased exponentially with a first-order reaction rate constant of 0.24 per day and without a lag-phase. After an incubation time of 17 days, 2,4-D was completely removed. 2,4-Dichlorophenol was the main metabolite of anaerobic 2,4-D degradation; only traces of 4-chlorophenol were detected. In contrast, the chiral phenoxypropionic acid herbicides mecoprop and dichlorprop persisted under anaerobic conditions during 49 days of incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008396022622
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß verschiedener Anionen auf die Kinetik der Säurehydrolyse des Tetraaquamono(salicylaldehydato)chrom(III)-Kations (1978)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 111 (1978), S. 1315-1322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Influence of Various Anions on the Kinetics of the Acid Hydrolysis of the Cation Tetraaquamono(salicylaldehydato)chromium(III)The kinetics of the acid hydrolysis of the cation tetraaquamono(salicylaldehydato)chromium(III) in perchloric acid were studied at 70°C at constant ionic strength as a function of various anions added to the system. The hydrolysis is strongly accelerated by oxyanions like sulfate and nitrate, while halide anions like chloride and bromide affect the rate only slightly. The findings are explained on the basis of the „cis-effect“ of the oxyanions. The reaction is interpreted by an associative interchange mechanism (Ia).
    Notes: Die Kinetik der Säurehydrolyse des Tetraaquamono(salicylaldehydato)chrom(III)-Kations in perchlorsaurer Lösung wurde in Abhängigkeit vom Zusatz verschiedener Anionen bei 70°C und konstanter Ionenstärke untersucht. Die Hydrolyse wird durch die Oxyanionen Sulfat und Nitrat stark beschleunigt, während die Halogenid-Ionen Chlorid und Bromid die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit nur geringfügig erhöhen. Dieses Ergebnis wird mit dem „cis-Effekt“ der Oxyanionen erklärt. Der Reaktionsablauf wird mit einem assoziativen Interchange-Mechanismus (Ia) interpretiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19781110410
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of microdialysates from cancer patients by capillary electrophoresis (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 2981-2985 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Interstitial drug kinetics ; Microdialysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Microdialysis (MD) is an innovative clinical technique for measuring interstitial tissue pharmacokinetics and plasma-to-tissue transfer rates of drugs in humans. However, microdialysis requires the availability of specialized analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), which enables concentration measurements of small volume samples, theoretically constitutes an ideal analytical technique for measuring drug concentrations in microdialysates. In the present experiments, we aimed at assessing the potential utility and limitations of CE for analysis of microdialysates in a clinical situation. Microdialysates were obtained from primary breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 600 mg/m2). Subsequently, 5-FU concentrations were measured in tumor - and subcutaneous adipose tissue - microdialysates by CE. By combining MD and CE, complete time versus concentrations profiles could be obtained for 5-FU in the interstitial tumor space and important clinical questions could be addressed. We conclude that the combination of MD and CE leads to important and previously inaccessible information about the drug distribution process in a clinical setting.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191630
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kristallstruktur von LiPdGaF6, RbPdAlF6 und K1,06Pd0,95Fe1,05F6 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1385-1394 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Palladium ; quaternary fluorides ; LiPdGaF6 ; RbPdAlF6 ; K1.06Pd0.95Fe1.05F6 ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of LiPdGaF6, RbPdAlF6 and K1.06Pd0.95Fe1.05F6Single crystals of LiPdGaF6 (blue; trigonal, P31c-D3d2 (No. 163), a = 505.72(2), c = 923.7(2) pm; LiCaAlF6-Type [1]), RbPdAlF6 (violet; orthorhombic, Pnma-D2h16 (No. 62), a = 729.0(1), b = 711.1(1), c = 1006.5(2) pm; CsAgFeF6-Type [2]) and K1.06Pd0.95Fe1.05F6 (greenish-blue; tetragonal, P42/mbc-D4h13 (No. 135), a = 1 279.07(7), c = 800.2(1) pm; K1,08MnFeF6-Type [3]; four cycle diffractometer data, Siemens AED2) are obtained by heating the binary fluorides in sealed Pd-tubes under dry argon [solid state reaction, T ≈ 650, t ≈ 19 d (39 d, 24 d)].
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung von äquimolaren Gemengen der binären Fluoride im verschweißten Pd-Rohr unter Schutzgas [Ar, Festkörperreaktion, T = 650°C, t = 19 d (39 d, 24 d)] erhält man Einkristalle von LiPdGaF6 (blau, trigonal, P31c-D3d2 (No. 163), a = 505,72(2), c = 923,7(2) pm, LiCaAlF6-Typ [1]), RbPdAlF6 (violett, orthorhombisch, Pnma-D2h16 (No. 62), a = 729,0(1), b = 711,1(1), c = 1006,5(2) pm, CsAgFeF6-Typ [2]) sowie K1,06Pd0,95Fe1,05F6 (blau-grün, tetragonal, P42/mbc-D4h13 (No. 135), a = 1279,07(7), c = 800,2(1) pm; K1,08MnFeF6-Typ [3]; jeweils Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten).
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210818
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die Kristallstruktur von KPdMIVF7 (MIV = Zr, Hf) (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1047-1052 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Zirconium fluoride ; hafnium fluoride ; ternary fluorides ; KPdMIVF7 (MIV = Zr, Hf) ; crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Crystal Structure of KPdMIVF7 (MIV = Zr, Hf)Blue single crystals of KPdZrF7 are obtained by heating the binary fluorides in sealed Pt-tubes under dry argon (solid state reaction, T ≍ 720°C, t ≍ 14 d). The compound crystallizes orthorhombically in the space group Pnna-D2h6 (Nr. 52); lattice parameters are a = 1 132.3(5) pm, b = 797.5(2) pm, c = 639.8(1) pm; Z = 4 (Four cycle diffractometer data, AED2). According to [F4PdF2/1ZrF5] distortet [PdF6]-octaedra are connected with pentagonal-bipyramidal [ZrF7]-polyhedra via two bridging F-, resulting in [PdZrF11]-groups. These [PdZrF11]-groups built up a threedimensional-network with K+ in its spacings. KPdHfF7 crystallizes isotypically (a = 1 136.1(3) pm, b = 796.4(2) pm und c = 638.8(1) pm; four cycle diffractometer data, AED2).
    Notes: Durch Tempern der binären Fluoride im verschweißten Pt-Rohr unter Schutzgas (Ar, Festkörperreaktion, T ≍ 720°C, t ≍ 14d) erhält man blaue Einkristalle von KPdZrF7 [eigener Strukturtyp, orthorhombisch, Pnna-D2h6 (Nr. 52); a = 1 132,3(5) pm, b = 797,5(2) pm, c = 639,8(1) pm; Z = 4; Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten AED2]. Pd2+ ist verzerrt oktaedrisch von 6 F- umgeben, wohingegen Zr4+ pentagonalbipyramidal von 7 F- koordiniert wird. Beide Koordinationspolyeder sind gemäß [F4PdF2/1ZrF5] kantenverknüpft und bilden mit weiteren solcher [PdZrF11]-Einheiten durch Eckenverknüpfung ein dreidimensionales Raumnetz, in dessen Lücken K+ eingelagert ist. Nach Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten (AED2) kristallisiert KPdHfF7 isotyp (a = 1 136,1(3) pm, b = 796,4(2) pm und c = 638,8(1) pm).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210626
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cs2Cu3MIVF12 (MIV = Zr, Hf) - Kristallstruktur und magnetische Eigenschaften (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 993-1000 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Zirconium(IV) fluoride ; hafnium(IV) fluoride ; Cs2Cu3MIVF12 (MIV = Zr, Hf) ; crystal structure ; magnetic properties ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cs2Cu3MIVF12 (MIV = Zr, Hf) - Crystal Structure and Magnetic BehaviourColourless single crystals of Cs2Cu3ZrF12 are obtained by heating the binary fluorides in sealed Pt-tubes under dry argon (solid state reaction, T ≍ 700°C, t ≍ 7-10 d). The compound crystallizes trigonal-rhomboedrical in the space group R3m-D3d5 (Nr. 166); lattice parameters are a = 716.61(6) pm, c = 2 046.4(2) pm, Z = 3 (Four cycle diffractometer data, AED 2). The structure is dominated by layers of corner-sharing, Jahn-Teller-distorted [CuF6]-Octahedra, which are connected via regular [ZrF6]-Octahedra to stackings parallel [00.1]. Cs+-ions are located in the spacings of the octahedra-network. From powder data Cs2Cu3HfF12 with a = 716.32(4) pm, c = 2 048.6(2) pm is isotypic. Both compounds show antiferromagnetic behaviour already at temperatures about 200 K.
    Notes: Durch Umsetzung der binären Fluoride im verschweißten Pt-Rohr unter Schutzgas (Ar, Festkörperreaktion, T ≍ 700°C, t ≍ 20d) erhält man farblose Einkristalle von Cs2Cu3ZrF12. [Trigonal-rhomboedrisch, R3m-D3d5 (Nr. 166), a = 716,61(6) pm, c = 2 046,4(2) pm, Z = 3 (Vierkreisdiffraktometerdaten, AED 2)]. Strukturbestimmend sind Schichten eckenverknüpfter, Jahn-Teller-verzerrter [CuF6]-Oktaeder, welche - über reguläre [ZrF6]-Oktaeder verknüpft - Stapel entlang [00.1] bilden. In den Hohlräumen der Struktur sind Cs+-Ionen eingelagert. Nach Pulverdaten kristallisiert Cs2Cu3HfF12 mit a = 716,32(4) pm, c = 2 048,6(2) pm isotyp. Beide Stoffe zeigen bereits bei Temperaturen um 200 K antiferromagnetisches Verhalten.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210617
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