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  • Microdialysis  (2)
  • 2,4-D  (1)
  • Capillary electrophoresis  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans (1995)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 352 (1995), S. 438-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Microdialysis ; Theophylline ; Tissue concentration ; Pharmacokinetics ; Human
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions. Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (cmax, tmax, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUCtissue /AUCplasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue. We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00172782
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate of the herbicides mecoprop, dichlorprop, and 2,4-D in aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludge as determined by laboratory batch studies and enantiomer-specific analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Biodegradation 10 (1999), S. 271-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: chirality ; 2,4-D ; dichlorprop ; herbicide biodegradation ; mecoprop ; phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Aerobic degradation experiments with the racemic mixtures of mecoprop and dichlorprop revealed that activated sludge collected from the aeration tank of a municipal waste water treatment plant degraded both enantiomers of mecoprop and dichlorprop within 7 days, albeit in an enantioselective manner; the (S) enantiomers were preferentially degraded. Mecoprop, dichlorprop, and 2,4-D were completely metabolized under aerobic conditions, as shown by the 86–98% elimination of dissolved organic carbon. Under anaerobic conditions, the concentration of 2,4-D decreased exponentially with a first-order reaction rate constant of 0.24 per day and without a lag-phase. After an incubation time of 17 days, 2,4-D was completely removed. 2,4-Dichlorophenol was the main metabolite of anaerobic 2,4-D degradation; only traces of 4-chlorophenol were detected. In contrast, the chiral phenoxypropionic acid herbicides mecoprop and dichlorprop persisted under anaerobic conditions during 49 days of incubation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008396022622
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of microdialysates from cancer patients by capillary electrophoresis (1998)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 2981-2985 
    Details
    ISSN: 0173-0835
    Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Interstitial drug kinetics ; Microdialysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Microdialysis (MD) is an innovative clinical technique for measuring interstitial tissue pharmacokinetics and plasma-to-tissue transfer rates of drugs in humans. However, microdialysis requires the availability of specialized analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), which enables concentration measurements of small volume samples, theoretically constitutes an ideal analytical technique for measuring drug concentrations in microdialysates. In the present experiments, we aimed at assessing the potential utility and limitations of CE for analysis of microdialysates in a clinical situation. Microdialysates were obtained from primary breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 600 mg/m2). Subsequently, 5-FU concentrations were measured in tumor - and subcutaneous adipose tissue - microdialysates by CE. By combining MD and CE, complete time versus concentrations profiles could be obtained for 5-FU in the interstitial tumor space and important clinical questions could be addressed. We conclude that the combination of MD and CE leads to important and previously inaccessible information about the drug distribution process in a clinical setting.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150191630
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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