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Fate of the herbicides mecoprop, dichlorprop, and 2,4-D in aerobic and anaerobic sewage sludge as determined by laboratory batch studies and enantiomer-specific analysis (1999)

Zipper, Christian ; Bolliger, Christoff ; Fleischmann, Thomas ; [et al.]

Springer

Biodegradation 10 (1999), S. 271-278

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ISSN: 1572-9729

Keywords: chirality ; 2,4-D ; dichlorprop ; herbicide biodegradation ; mecoprop ; phenoxyalkanoic acid herbicides

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Aerobic degradation experiments with the racemic mixtures of mecoprop and dichlorprop revealed that activated sludge collected from the aeration tank of a municipal waste water treatment plant degraded both enantiomers of mecoprop and dichlorprop within 7 days, albeit in an enantioselective manner; the (S) enantiomers were preferentially degraded. Mecoprop, dichlorprop, and 2,4-D were completely metabolized under aerobic conditions, as shown by the 86–98% elimination of dissolved organic carbon. Under anaerobic conditions, the concentration of 2,4-D decreased exponentially with a first-order reaction rate constant of 0.24 per day and without a lag-phase. After an incubation time of 17 days, 2,4-D was completely removed. 2,4-Dichlorophenol was the main metabolite of anaerobic 2,4-D degradation; only traces of 4-chlorophenol were detected. In contrast, the chiral phenoxypropionic acid herbicides mecoprop and dichlorprop persisted under anaerobic conditions during 49 days of incubation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008396022622

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Analysis of microdialysates from cancer patients by capillary electrophoresis (1998)

Mader, Robert M. ; Brunner, Martin ; Rizovski, Blanka ; [et al.]

Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell

Electrophoresis 19 (1998), S. 2981-2985

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ISSN: 0173-0835

Keywords: Capillary electrophoresis ; Interstitial drug kinetics ; Microdialysis ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Microdialysis (MD) is an innovative clinical technique for measuring interstitial tissue pharmacokinetics and plasma-to-tissue transfer rates of drugs in humans. However, microdialysis requires the availability of specialized analytical techniques. Capillary electrophoresis (CE), which enables concentration measurements of small volume samples, theoretically constitutes an ideal analytical technique for measuring drug concentrations in microdialysates. In the present experiments, we aimed at assessing the potential utility and limitations of CE for analysis of microdialysates in a clinical situation. Microdialysates were obtained from primary breast cancer patients who received chemotherapy including 5-fluorouracil (5-FU; 600 mg/m2). Subsequently, 5-FU concentrations were measured in tumor - and subcutaneous adipose tissue - microdialysates by CE. By combining MD and CE, complete time versus concentrations profiles could be obtained for 5-FU in the interstitial tumor space and important clinical questions could be addressed. We conclude that the combination of MD and CE leads to important and previously inaccessible information about the drug distribution process in a clinical setting.

Additional Material: 3 Ill.