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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics 9 (1981), S. 553-576 
    ISSN: 1573-8744
    Keywords: Pharmacokinetics ; toxicology ; mathematical model ; metabolism ; 2-butanol ; 2-butanone ; 3-hydroxy-2-butanone ; 2,3-butanediol
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A pharmacokinetic model is presented to describe the biotransformation of 2-butanol (2-OL) and its metabolites (2-butanone, 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, and 2,3-butanediol) using in vivo experimental blood concentrations. A flow limited model is developed to simulate 2-OL, 2-butanone (2-ONE), 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (3H-2B), and 2,3-butanediol (2,3-BD) blood concentrations in rats after oral administration of 2-OL. Assuming the only important site of 2-OL biotransformation is the liver, the tissues included are the liver and a volume of distribution, essentially body water in the case of 2-OL and its metabolites. A distribution coefficient is found to be necessary to describe the low concentration of 3H-2B in blood after administration of 2-OL. The need for this coefficient may be due to partitioning, binding, or altered transport rates from the liver. Inhibition of 2-ONE metabolism to 3H-2B by 2-OL has been included to explain a time delay in the appearance of 3H-2B after administration of 2-OL. Subsequent experimental verification confirms the mixed function oxidase inhibitory properties of 2-OL. The model is able to simulate blood concentrations and elimination of all four compounds after the oral administration of 2-OL. Additionally, the model also simulates the results obtained after i.v. administration of 3H-2B and 2,3-BD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 285 (1977), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Keywords: Best. von Phenolen in Wasser ; Spektralphotometrie ; Gruppenreagentien, 126 Verbindungen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Analytik phenolischer Verbindungen in Wasser ist nach wie vor aktuell, da die Produktion und Anwendung von Alkyl, Aryl- und Aralkylderivaten sowie halogensubstituierter Verbindungen vornehmlich zur Konservierung und Desinfektion zunehmend an Bedeutung gewinnen. Neben den verschiedenen Methoden der Chromatographie (DC, LC, GC) und der Anwendung der apparativ aufwendigen GC/MS-Kombination zur Trennung und Identifizierung dieser Stoffe haben die photometrischen Verfahren als gruppenspezifische Methoden nicht an Bedeutung verloren. Daher wurden systematische Untersuchungen über Empfindlichkeit und Effizienz mit den zumeist benutzten Reagentien p-Nitranilin, Sulfanilsäure, 4-Aminoantipyrin und 3-Methyl-2-benzothiazolinonhydrazon (MBTH) an 126 phenolischen Verbindungen und solchen, die sich möglicherweise analytisch ähnlich verhalten, durchgeführt und die Ergebnisse hinsichtlich Gesetzmäßigkeiten und Besonderheiten diskutiert. Molarer (ε) und auf Gewichtseinheiten bezogener Extinktionskoeffizient (E 1cm 1% ) werden angegeben und im Verhältnis zur Stammsubstanz Phenol beschrieben.
    Notes: Abstract The analytical problems of these compounds are important now as before, according to the increase of production and use of alkyl, aryl and aralkyl derivates and also of halogenated compounds, which are more and more of importance for conservation and desinfection procedures. Besides the different methods of chromatography (thin-layer, liquid, gas chromatography) and the use of the GC/MS-combination requiring expensive apparatus for separation and identification of these compounds, the photometric determination as a group-specific method is important further on. Therefore, systematic investigations of sensitivity and efficiency with the mostly used reagents p-nitraniline, sulphanilic acid, 4-aminoantipyrene and 3-methyl-2-benzenethiazolinehydrazine (MBTH) have been carried out and 126 phenolic compounds and such compounds, which may give an analogous analytical signal, have been tested. Results are discussed with respect to rules and irregularities. Molar absorptivity values (ε) and E-values (E 1cm 1% ) are listed and their behaviour in relation to the basic form of phenol are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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