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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (2)
  • 24.60.−k  (1)
  • AV sequential stimulation  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1435-1544
    Keywords: Key words Pacemaker ; AV sequential stimulation ; echocardiographic optimization ; Schlüsselwörter Herzschrittmacher ; AV-sequentielle Stimulation ; echokardiografische Optimierung
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Hintergrund: Im Falle einer ausgeprägten Verlängerung der QT-Zeit und Systolendauer bei ischämischer Kardiomyopathie bereitet die echokardiografische Optimierung der AV-sequentiellen Stimulation besondere Schwierigkeiten: Mangels Möglichkeit zur ausreichenden Verkürzung der Systolendauer ist oberhalb einer gewissen Grenzfrequenz, die im vorliegenden Beispiel unter Standard-Stimulationsparametern bei 60/min lag, kein biphasischer transmitraler Einstrom mehr zu erhalten. Methoden: Durch echokardiografisch kontrollierte Optimierung der stimulierten AV-Zeit (SAV) auf einen ungewöhnlich niedrigen Wert (60ms) konnte die Grenzfrequenz auf 75/min. angehoben werden, ein Schrittmachersyndrom mit Pfropfung von Vorhof- und Ventrikelkontraktion galt es hierbei zu vermeiden. Ergebnisse: Durch die Optimierungsmaßnahmen konnte eine Steigerung von Transmitralstrom, Schlagvolumen und Herzminutenvolumen von etwa 15% herbeigeführt und somit erst die hämodynamischen Vorteile der DDD-Stimulation ausgeschöpft werden. Schlußfolgerungen: Bei ausgeprägter Verlängerung der QT-Zeit im Rahmen einer Kardiomyopathie kann die echokardiografische Optimierung der AV-sequentiellen Stimulation die Programmierung einer ungewöhnlich kurzen AV-Zeit erforderlich machen, um eine hämodynamisch optimale Abstimmung zwischen Vorhof und Ventrikel zu erzielen.
    Notes: Background: In case of excessive prolongation of QT time and systolic time interval in ischemic cardiomyopathie serious difficulties in optimating AV sequential pacing by echocardiography may occur. As there are no possibilities to shorten systolic time interval, biphasic transmitral flow can not be achieved beyond a certain limiting heart rate. This rate was found as 60bpm in the following example under standard stimulation parameters. Methods: By using an remarkably short stimulated AV delay (60ms) under echocardiographic control, the limiting heart rate could be elevated to 75bpm, avoiding a pacemaker syndrome at the same time. Results: As consequence of optimization, an increase of transmitral flow, stroke volume, and cardiac output of approximately 15% could be demonstrated and, thus, indicated that the expected hemodynamic advantage of dual chamber pacing could be achieved that way. Conclusions: In case of extreme prolongation of QT time-interval in ischemic cardiomyopathy echocardiographic optimization of AV sequential pacing may require the programming of an uncommonly short AV delay in order to achieve hemodynamic optimal coordination of atrium and ventricle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 13 (1990), S. 34-39 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Cold trapping ; Sampling in stainless steel canisters ; Calibration ; Halocarbons in remote areas ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 5 ml air samples from 1.6 l stainless steel canisters were cryogenically preconcentrated before gas chromatographic separation on a thick-film capillary using a home-made cryotrap. Quantification in the 10-500 ppt range was carried out with an electron capture detector. Problems during the cryotrap step were caused by carrier gas contamination, water and CO2 content of the sample, and a non-optimal heat desorption rate. Their elimination is described in detail. Compound losses by wall adsorption on stainless steel surfaces were observed when dry gases were used for standard generation. A static multipoint calibration technique using humidified He was developed allowing a precise standard generation down to 100 ppt. The concentration changes in the stainless steel canisters could be neglected over a storage period of at least 1 month as long as a sufficient degree of humidity was present. The overall reproducibility of the quantification and calibration technique is in the order of 1-2% for concentrations between 100-400 ppt when daily recalibrations are carried out.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 24.60.−k ; 25.30.Fj ; 27.80.+w
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The fine structure observed in high resolution inelastic electron scattering spectra for208Pb in the excitation energy range of the isoscalar giant quadrupole resonance has been analysed with a fluctuation analysis technique. The obtained density of levels as a function of excitation energyE x has then been used as a constraint for the shape and magnitude of the (radiative) background subtracted spectra subjected to a multipole decomposition. The derivedE2 strength in the region 8.0≦E x≦11.5 MeV exhausts (50 −7 +15 % of the energy weighted sum rule. TheE2 strength found is considerably larger than previously estimated from the same spectra and it is now both in shape and magnitude in good agreement with results from a recent208Pb(e, e′n) coincidence experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 21 (1983), S. 143-145 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The molecular rα structures of furan and thiophene dissolved in liquid crystals Merck ZLI 1167 and Phase IV were determined from the linear combinations of dipolar H—H and C—H coupling constants derived from the 1H and 1H—13C satellite NMR spectra. Significant variations with the liquid crystal solvent are observed for both molecular structures. The deformations are particularly large in the case of thiophene and, surprisingly, in the normally well behaved ZLI 1167 liquid crystal.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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