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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 33 (1982), S. 416-420 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Untersuchung der auf Blei in Meerwasser und in neutralen Salzlösungen entstehenden Korrosionsprodukte.Zur Identifizierung und quantitativen Bestimmung der in Meerwasser und neutralen Salzlösungen auf Blei entstehenden Korrosionsprodukte wurde eine Methode entwickelt. Sie beruht auf der selektiven Auflösung verschiedener Verbindungen in geeigneten Reagenzien (Methanol, Glycin, Kaliumnitrat u. a.) und der anschließenden chemischen Analyse der in Lösung befindlichen Elemente. Die Ergebnisse werden dann mittels Röntgenbeugung verifiziert.Diese Methode wurde benutzt zur Untersuchung der Korrosionsprodukte auf einer Bleiplatte von einem vor etwa 2000 Jahren im Golf von Toulon gesunkenen römischen Schiff.Dabei wurden die folgenden Punkte gefunden: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{{\rm 2}^{\rm - } } {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm Cl}_3 {\rm OH} - 3{\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot 2{\rm Pb(OH)}_2 \cdot {\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm O}_{3^ - \,} \,{\rm Pb}_4 {\rm O}_3 {\rm SO}_4 \cdot {\rm n}\,{\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm x} {\rm S}_{{\rm y}\,} {\rm or}\,{\rm PbS}. $$\end{document}Bei Vergleichsversuchen mit Blei in Meerwasser wurden die folgenden Verbindungen festgestellt: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm Pb}_3 ({\rm CO}_3)_2 ({\rm OH})_{2^ - } {\rm PbO} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_3 . $$\end{document}Der Unterschied zwischen beiden Ergebnissen dürfte darauf zurückzuführen sei, daß in Meeresablagerungen durch sulfatreduzierende Bakterien Schwefelwasserstoff entsteht, der den pH-Wert verändert und damit das Gleichgewicht des Systems CO3---HCO3--CO2-SO4--HSO4- verschiebt, wodurch wieder die Art der Korrosionsprodukte verändert wird.Blei ist trotz seiner guten Korrosionsbeständigkeit in verschiedenen Medien wegen seiner schlechten mechanischen Eigenschaften in seiner praktischen Anwendung begrenzt und wird deshalb nur für Rohrleitungen, Bedeckungen u. ä. benutzt. Das gilt auch für die Antike: die Römer plattierten die Schiffsrumpfe mit Blei, da hierdurch lange Lebensdauer gesichert war.
    Notes: A method was developed to characterize and quality lead corrosion products in sea water and in saline neutral solutions.This method is based on selective dissolution of various compounds, using suitable reagents (methanol, glycine, potassium nitrate etc.) and on subsequent chemical analysis of the various dissolved elements.The findings are then verified by X-ray diffractometer analysis.This method was used for an examination of the corrosion products adhering to a lead plate of a Roman ship wrecked in the Gulf of Toulon about two thousand years ago. The following corrosion products were determined: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{{\rm 2}^{\rm - } } {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm Cl}_3 {\rm OH} - 3{\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot 2{\rm Pb(OH)}_2 \cdot {\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_2 {\rm O}_{3^ - \,} \,{\rm Pb}_4 {\rm O}_3 {\rm SO}_4 \cdot {\rm n}\,{\rm H}_2 {\rm O} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm x} {\rm S}_{{\rm y}\,} {\rm or}\,{\rm PbS}. $$\end{document}These products were compared with those obtained on sea water immersed lead specimen.In the latter case, the products were the following: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm PbCO}_3 \cdot {\rm PbCl}_{2^ - } {\rm Pb}_3 ({\rm CO}_3)_2 ({\rm OH})_{2^ - } {\rm PbO} - {\rm Pb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_3 . $$\end{document}The difference between the two test specimen is deemed to be due to the known formation caused by bacterial fouling processes (desulfovibrio desulfuricans) of hydrogen sulphide in marine sediments which, by altering the pH value, also alter the equilibrium of the CO3---HCO3--CO2-SO4--—HSO4- systems thus affecting the differentiated formation of the corrosion products.Lead, despite its improved corrosion resistance in various environments as compared with other normally used metals (e.g. iron), is not so commonly employed because of its poor mechanical properties (deformation, grain coarsening, brittleness [1], etc.) so that it is only used for certain structures like pipings or coverings (roofs, chemical vats etc.) not exposed to strong mechanical stresses.These applications were common even in ancient times, when the Romans already covered their hulls with lead plates because they did not corrode easily and thus had a long life.
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 29 (1991), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: 31P NMR isotope effects ; Phosphorotrithioous acid, triesters ; Phosphorotrithioic acid, S,S,S-triesters ; Tetraphosphorus trisulphide ; Tetraphosphorus heptasulphide ; Tetraphosphorus octasulphide ; Tetraphosphorus nonasulphide ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The 34S isotope effect on the chemical shift of PIII nuclei in P(SR)3 esters [R = Et, (C12H25)n, Ph] is close to 20.6 ppb per PIII—34S bond, i.e. 3-4 times larger than for thiolo sulphur atoms in S = P(SR)3 or O = P(SR)3. A similar behaviour is noted for the P(—S—)3 sites in P4S9 and P4S3 and for the downfield triplet of P4S8, which, accordingly, is assigned to the tri-coordinate P atoms of this sulphide. 13C isotope effects are also reported for trialkyl(aryl) phosphorotrithioites and S,S,S-phosphorotrithioates.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 13 (1975), S. 559-565 
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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