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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The volume of Purkinje cells decreases in the cerebellum of acrylamide – intoxicated rats, but no cells are lost (1994)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 88 (1994), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Acrylamide ; Cerebellum ; Neuronal volume ; Neuronal number ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of acrylamide intoxication on the numbers of granule and Purkinje cells and the volume of Purkinje cell perikarya have been evaluated with stereological methods. The analysis was carried out in the cerebella of rats that had received a dose of 33.3 mg/kg acrylamide, twice a week, for 7.5 weeks. The total numbers of cerebellar granule and Purkinje cells were estimated using the optical fractionator and the mean volume of the Purkinje cell perikarya was estimated with the vertical rotator technique. The volumes of the molecular layer, the granular cell layer and the white matter were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. The mean weight of the cerebellum of the intoxicated rats was 7   % lower than that of the controls rats (2P = 0.001). The numbers of the Purkinje cells and granule cells were the same in both groups, but the mean volume of the perikarya of the Purkinje cells in the intoxicated rats was 10.5   % less than that of the control group (2P = 0.004). The volume of the granular cell layer was reduced by 15   % (2P = 0.006) but there were no differences in the volumes of the molecular layer and the white matter in the intoxicated and control animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00310374
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural preservation of cerebellar granule cells following neurointoxication with methyl mercury: a stereological study of the rat cerebellum (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 251-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Cerebellum ; Neuronal volume ; Methyl ; mercury ; Neuronal number ; Stereology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Methyl mercury intoxication causes ataxia. Structural changes of cerebellar and peripheral nerve tissues have been described. However, it is still unclear whether the ataxia is of cerebellar or peripheral origin. To clarify this question further, the effects of methyl mercury intoxication on the numbers of granule and Purkinje cells and the volume of Purkinje cell perikarya have been evaluated with stereological methods. Rats were intoxicated with methyl mercury, at a dose of 2 mg/kg per day for 19 successive days, and the analysis was carried out 2.5 or 4.5 weeks later. The total numbers of cerebellar granule cells and Purkinje cells were estimated using an optical fractionator and the mean volume of the Purkinje cells was estimated by the vertical rotator technique. The volumes of the granular cell layer, the molecular layer and the white matter were estimated using the Cavalieri principle. The intoxicated animals developed hindlimb incoordination when held by the tail. Although pronounced axonal degeneration occurred in the peripheral nervous system, no changes were found in cerebellar cell numbers or cell sizes in either of the test groups. The absence of detectable light microscopic changes in the cerebellum indicates that the peripheral nervous system is affected prior to the cerebellum in rats intoxicated with organic mercury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296508
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An experiment concept to measure stratospheric trace constituents by laser heterodyne spectroscopy (1980)
    Springer
    Applied physics 23 (1980), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 89.60 ; 35.80 ; 06.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Laser heterodyne spectroscopy (LHS) techniques with semiconductor laser local oscillators (LO) in the 3–30 μm range have the potential to measure radical gas species in the stratosphere. The goal of this experiment is to measure radical gases from Spacelab, including ClO, ClONO2, HO2, H2O2, N2O5, and HOCl in solar occulation with vertical resolution ≦2km and vertical range from 10 to 70 km. Sensitivity analyses have been performed on ClO and O3 to determine design criteria for the LHS instrument. Results show that O3 and ClO vertical profiles can be measured with an accuracy ≧95% and ≧80%, respectively, over the total profile. These accuracies require the LO to maintain the following characteristics: frequency stability (Δf w≦20 MHz), single-mode power (P LO≧500 μW), and minimum frequency drift (≦5 MHz). Laboratory heterodyne measurements performed with semiconductor lasers generated the same shot-noise photocurrent as CO2 lasers, for comparable single-mode power. “Excess-noise” regions were identified, but could be wavelength controlled by fine control of operating temperature and injection current. Doppler-shift effects and limited solar occultation measurement times due to Spacelab orbits should pose minimum mission constraints on the experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00899570
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the effects of propranolol and labetalol on renal haemodynamics at rest and during exercise in essential hypertension (1980)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 18 (1980), S. 135-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: hypertension ; labetalol ; propranolol ; renal haemodynamics ; glomerular filtration rate ; blood pressure ; exercise ; renal blood flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of exercise on renal haemodynamics was examined in young patients with mild essential hypertension. Four groups of subjects were studied: 13 normotensive, healthy control subjects, and 15 untreated, 11 propranolol-treated, and 6 labetalol-treated patients. Renal plasma flow (RPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were measured during four consecutive periods, a pre-exercise control period, two exercise periods with loads of 450 kpm/min and 600 kpm/min, respectively, and a post-exercise control period. In the untreated patients RPF and GFR were lower during exercise than in the normotensive control subjects, whereas no significant differences were found at rest. In the propranolol-treated patients the reduction in RPF and GFR during exercise was more pronounced than in the untreated hypertensives. In the labetalol-treated patients however, RPF and GFR were reduced only to the same degree as in the untreated hypertensives. The reduced renal blood flow in propranolol-treated patients may be attributed to a compensatory increase in sympathetic activity caused by an impaired cardiac response to exercise. The lack of reduction in renal blood flow during labetalol therapy could partly be related to alpha-adrenergic blockade in the renal vascular bed induced by labetalol, and partly to the smaller reduction in cardiac output during labetalol than during propranolol therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00561580
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adaptive changes in the acute haemodynamic effects of cilazapril during chronic treatment Comparison with long-term clinical effect (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 433-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Congestive heart failure ; Cilazapril; ACE-inhibition ; haemodynamics ; exercise ; long-term
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the adaptive changes in the acute haemodynamic response to ACE inhibition during chronic treatment in CHF. Methods: The acute and chronic effects of oral cilazapril (CLZ) treatment, an ACE-inhibitor with prolonged duration on haemodynamic measures (PCWP, PAP, RAP, CI and SVR) and clinical parameters (Quality-of-Life and NYHA class) were investigated in a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in CHF. One hundred and thirty five patients (112 completing) in NYHA Classes II-III, on digitalis and diuretic treatment, were randomised after 2 weeks of placebo run-in, to receive either placeabo or CLZ 0.5 mg, 1.0 mg or 2.5 mg daily for 12 weeks, followed by 2 week placebo wash-out. Haeamodynamic studies, including exercise tests before and 3 h after medication, were performed on the first and last days of treatment. Measurements were performed at rest and at the maximum exercise level. Results: In ACEI-naive patients oral CLZ 0.5 and 1 mg/d caused a dose dependent decrease in PCWP and diastolic PAP, and a significant reduction of SVR mg. A slight increase in CI was observed in all groups. The maximum effect was observed 3–5 h post dose. After 12 weeks of oral treatment, the acute response was similar but was attenuated relative to the first dose. Exercise tolerance improved in a dose dependent manner. The NYHA classification remained unchanged or improved in the majority of patients. Entry into the 2.5 mg group had to be terminated at an early stage due to severe adverse events observed after the first dose. Conclusion: During chronic treatment, the haemodynamic response to oral cilazapril was attenuated, indicating that continued clinical improvement in patients with CHF on CLZ is independent of to its acute haemodynamic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050137
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