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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Locality-preserving hash functions for general purpose parallel computation (1994)
    Springer
    Algorithmica 12 (1994), S. 170-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0541
    Keywords: General-purpose parallel computation ; Communication latency ; Block PRAM ; Locality ; PRAM simulations ; Universal hashing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Consider the problem of efficiently simulating the shared-memory parallel random access machine (PRAM) model on massively parallel architectures with physically distributed memory. To prevent network congestion and memory bank contention, it may be advantageous to hash the shared memory address space. The decision on whether or not to use hashing depends on (1) the communication latency in the network and (2) the locality of memory accesses in the algorithm. We relate this decision directly to algorithmic issues by studying the complexity of hashing in the Block PRAM model of Aggarwal, Chandra, and Snir, a shared-memory model of parallel computation which accounts for communication locality. For this model, we exhibit a universal family of hash functions having optimal locality. The complexity of applying these hash functions to the shared address space of the Block PRAM (i.e., by permuting data elements) is asymptotically equivalent to the complexity of performing a square matrix transpose, and this result is best possible for all pairwise independent universal hash families. These complexity bounds provide theoretical evidence that hashing and randomized routing need not destroy communication locality, addressing an open question of Valiant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01185209
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Minimally invasive 360° instrumented lumbar fusion (2000)
    Springer
    European spine journal 9 (2000), S. S051 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0932
    Keywords: Key words Minimally Invasive ; 360° lumbar fusion ; Combined ¶anteroposterior ; Gasless endoscopy ; Translaminar fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective preliminary study was undertaken of combined minimally invasive instrumented lumbar fusion utilizing the BERG (balloon-assisted endoscopic retroperitoneal gasless) approach ¶anteriorly, and a posterior small-incision approach with translaminar screw fixation and posterolateral ¶fusion. The study aimed to quantify the clinical and radiological results using this combined technique. The traditional minimally invasive approach to the anterior lumbar spine involves gas insufflation and provides reliable access only to L5-S1 and in some cases L4-5. A gas-mediated approach yields many technical drawbacks to performing spinal surgery. A minimally invasive posterior approach involving suprafascial pedicle screw instrumentation has been developed, but without widespread use. Translaminar facet fixation may be a viable alternative to transpedicular fixation in a 360° instrumented fusion model. Past studies have shown open 360° instrumented lumbar fusion yields high arthrodesis rates. The study examined the cases of 46 patients who underwent successful 360° instrumented lumbar fusion using a combined minimally invasive approach. Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) at one or two levels was performed through the BERG approach; a gasless retroperitoneal approach to the lumbar spine allowing the use ¶of standard anterior instrumentation. Posteriorly, all patients underwent successful decompression, translaminar fixation, and posterolateral fusion at one or two levels through ¶one small (2.5–5.0 cm) incision. Results showed mean hospital stay of 2.02 days; mean combined blood loss was 255 cc; and mean pain relief was 56%, with 75.5% of patients reporting good, excellent, or total pain relief. Forty-two of 46 patients (93.2%) achieved a solid fusion ¶24 months after surgery. A total of 47% of all patients working prior to surgery returned to work following surgery. The study showed that minimally invasive 360° instrumented lumbar fusion, when performed utilizing these approaches, yields a high rate of solid arthrodesis (93.3%), good pain relief, short hospital stays, low blood losses, accelerated rehabilitation, and a quick return to the workforce. The BERG approach offers technical advantages over the traditional gas-mediated laparoscopic approach to the anterior lumbar spine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00010022
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of antihypertensive formulation on health service expenditures (1993)
    Springer
    Clinical autonomic research 3 (1993), S. 363-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 1619-1560
    Keywords: Compliance ; Health care expenditures ; Health policy ; Hypertension ; Medicaid ; Pharmaceutical formulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A Major barrier to the management of hypertension is the extent to which patients comply with the treatment regimen. Herein we report the findings of a retrospective analysis designed to discern the relationship between antihypertensive formulation, regimen compliance and the utilization of health care services. Data for this analysis were derived from the state of South Carolina's Medicaid computer archive. The study population consisted of 1 000 randomly selected beneficiaries initially prescribed one of the following antihypertensive regimens as monotheraphy: atenolol (daily); captopril (twice daily); oral clonidine (twice daily); transdermal clonidine (once a week); diltiazem (twice daily); enalapril (twice daily); metoprolol (twice daily); prazosin (twice daily); terazosin (daily); and verapamil-SR (daily). Multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the incremental influence of selected demographic characteristics, utilization of medical services prior to diagnosis for hypertension, initial antihypertensive medication, medication possession ratio for antihypertensive therapy, and the number of maintenance medications for disease state processes other than hypertension on post-period health care expenditure. Results indicate that patients initially prescribed antihypertensive medication requiring daily or weekly administration experience infrequent changes in their therapeutic regimen, far less use of concomitant therapy for blood pressure control, an increased utilization of antihypertensive medication, and a decrease in the use and cost of physician, hospital and laboratory services.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01829454
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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