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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (48)
  • 61.16.Bg  (1)
  • Action Programme  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bundesgesundheitsblatt, Gesundheitsforschung, Gesundheitsschutz 43 (2000), S. 323-327 
    ISSN: 1437-1588
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Umwelt und Gesundheit ; Aktionsprogramm ; Umweltmedizin ; Risikomanagement gesundheitsbezogene Umweltqualitätsziele ; Keywords Environment and Health ; Action Programme ; Environmental Medicine ; Risk Management ; Health Related Environmental Quality Objectives
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract In fulfilling the commitment to the European Conferences on Environmental Health the Federal Ministry for Health and the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety presented a joint “Action Programme on Environment and Health”. The action programme is backed up by a comprehensive documentation presenting the current status and findings and providing justification for the proposed goals and measures. The programme covers the following subjects: environment health monitoring and reporting, information management, risk perception and risk acceptance, environmental medicine, measures to improve co-operation among competent national authorities, international co-operation. The programme also conveys media- and substance-oriented quality objectives, in particular concerning outdoor air and climate; indoor air; water resources, soil, food; ionising radiation; noise; substances and preparations. The programme is aimed at supporting the policy development in the field of environment and health. The planing of detailed steps and the programme's implementation will be performed in close co-ordination and co-operation of all parties interested/involved and afflicted/affected.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Das gemeinsame Aktionsprogramm “Umwelt und Gesundheit” des Ministeriums für Gesundheit und des Ministeriums für Umwelt, Naturschutz und Reaktorsicherheit löst die eingegangene Verpflichtung ein, die aus den europäischen Umweltkonferenzen resultiert. Das Programm dient dem Ziel, eine Handlungsbasis aufzustellen, auf welcher der Gesundheitszustand der Bürger und Bürgerinnen in Bereichen sichergestellt wird, die durch ungünstige Einflüsse von Umweltnoxen physikalischer Natur, mediengetragenen Umweltnoxen oder durch Aufnahme beim Umgang mit Verbraucherprodukten des täglichen Bedarfs oder durch die Nahrung gefährdet sein können. Das Programm wurde auf dem Hintergrund eines ausführlichen Dokumentationsbandes erstellt, der den aktuellen Sach- und Erkenntnisstand ausführlich darstellt und damit die vorgeschlagenen Ziele und Maßnahmen inhaltlich begründet. Das Programm enthält folgende Themen: umweltbezogene Gesundheitsbeobachtung und -berichterstattung, Informationsmanagement, Umgang mit Risiken, Umweltmedizin, Verbesserung der bestehenden Behördenstrukturen und internationale Zusammenarbeit. Das Programm enthält zudem verschiedene medien- und stoffbezogene Qualitätsziele zu folgenden Themen: Außenluft und Klima; Innenraumluft; Wasserressourcen, Boden, Lebensmittel, ionisierende Strahlung; Lärm sowie Stoffe und Zubereitungen. Das Programm soll eine Arbeitsgrundlage für die weitere Entwicklung des Politikfeldes Umwelt und Gesundheit bilden. Die weitere Ausgestaltung um Umsetzung des Programms wird in intensivem Diskurs mit allen Beteiligten und Betroffenen erfolgen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-6036
    Keywords: 79.20.Kz ; 61.46.+w ; 61.16.Bg
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The crystal and electronic structure of solidC 76 has been studied using transmission electron microscopy and electron energy-loss spectroscopy in transmission. C76 forms a close packed structure with an average facecentred cubic symmetry. From valence band and core electron excitations information on the dielectric function and the unoccupied density of states has been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A-2: Polymer Physics 5 (1967), S. 555-568 
    ISSN: 0449-2978
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A simple differential, isothermal calorimeter has been built to study the thermodynamics of interactions associated with a variety of polymer solution processes. The calorimeter is readily operated at temperatures ranging from ambient to about 200°C., temperature adjustments are rapid, and the apparatus is rugged enough to permit application to commercial process studies. Though less sensitive than microcalorimeters, it represents an attractive combination of satisfactory accuracy, speed, and flexibility of operation. The operation of the calorimeter is demonstrated by measurements of the heat of solution of sodium chloride in water and the heats of solution of various polyolefins in Tetralin and α-chloronaphthalene. The latter tend to confirm the presence of polymer aggregates in chloronaphthalene solutions below the thermodynamic melting temperature of the polymer.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 11 (1967), S. 1043-1053 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Time dependence in the melt indexing of polyolefins stabilized against thermally induced changes is well known, the prevalent effect being an increase in melt index toward a steady-state value. The melt index of polyethylenes compounded with carbon black has been found to decrease, in some cases radically, although oxygen uptake data show no evidence of thermal instability. The melt index-time plot can be restored to its normal shape by adding excess quantities of a standard thioether antioxidant. Data are rationalized by assuming that polyethylene adsorbs on the available pigment surface, forming a crosslink network. The thioether antioxidant, however, may adsorb preferentially, thereby restoring the normal response of the polymer to forces resulting in its capillary extrusion. The results emphasize the contribution of chain orientation effects to the time dependence of melt index.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 539-543 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 2663-2673 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Suzorite mica has been surface modified by microwave plasma treatment in ethylene gas. The surface-treated mica was used as a filler in polyethylene, polystyrene, and a mixture of these two polymers. Significant changes in rheological behavior ensue. These indicate that adhesion between polyethylene and irradiated mica is superior to that of interfaces using unirradiated mica. In contrast, ethylene irradiation reduces the ability of filled polystyrene compounds to store elastic energy in melt flow, an effect consistent with impaired adhesion at interfaces involving these components. An intermediate situation exists in the case of the two-polymer blend. The tensile properties of these systems also reflect surface treatment, reinforcement occurring in polyethylene-containing compounds, while the tensile properties of polystyrene composites deteriorate. Plasma-induced surface modifications of fillers to produce desired property changes in specified polymer matrixes are implied by the present work, but a fuller understanding of the chemistry of surface modification reactions is needed to substantiate these implications.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 25 (1980), S. 1961-1968 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Films of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), polystyrene, and a styrene/acrylic terpolymer have been cast from solutions of varying thermodynamic quality and the film properties studied by inverse gas chromatography and by critical surface tension measurements. Surface properties of the non-polar polystyrene were independent of solvent medium, but significant variations in these properties were observed in the case of PMMA and the terpolymer. Solvent balance also appeared to affect the bulk properties of the latter films, as judged by the penetration rates of interacting liquids. The observations indicate the feasibility of controlling film properties of the solid by the appropriate selection of solution media; a time-dependent variation in solid properties is to be expected, however, as the film structure attains an equilibrium state.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 30 (1985), S. 731-740 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The chain entanglement states in high density, linear low density, and low density polyethylenes (HDPE, LLDPE, and LDPE) have been modified by recovering the polymers from solutions in trichlorobenzene (TCB) and p-xylene. In the thermodynamically good solvent, TCB, the entanglement density is assumed to be sharply reduced, a condition which is carried over to the corresponding solids. These display transient, but large increments in tensile moduli, slight changes in stress at rupture, and decreases in dynamic mechanical parameters and in elongation at rupture. Scanning calorimetry also shows these solids to have reduced crystallinity. Much smaller property modifications are noted in corresponding samples recovered from p-xylene. This liquid is a poorer solvent, particularly for HDPE and LLDPE. The results indicate that property modifications due to deliberate changes in the entanglement states of the polymers are a general phenomenon in the polyethylenes, and the magnitude of property changes depends on parameters of the molecular weight distribution. Chain branching does not seem to be a leading factor in the sensitivity of properties to modifications in the entanglement states. The property modifications produced by the present solution treatments are viewed as guides to the magnitude and duration of shear refining effects to be expected in HDPE, LLDPE, and LDPE polymers.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 33 (1987), S. 2493-2501 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rheological and mechanical properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) compounds vary with the polymer entanglement state at the time of testing. Controlled shearing episodes and thermal histories applied to the compounds produce major property variations. These then relax toward steady-state values at rates which are consistent with diffusion-controlled processes, presumably connected with the development of steady-states in entanglement couplings. Activation energies of 4-7 kcal/mol apply to the proposed re-entanglement processes. Rates of property variation can be altered by the addition of fillers to the compounds, the interactions between polymer and filler being an important factor in this regard. CaCO3 samples with strong affinity for the PVC retard the rate of property variations (i.e., the filler tends to stabilize non-steady-state entanglement couplings). Fillers, surface treated so as not to interact strongly with the polymer, produce lesser effects on relaxation rates. The data indicate the feasibility of controlling both the sensitivity of polymer properties to processing variables, and the rates of property change associated with the attainment of steady-state polymer entanglement morphologies.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 233-240 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The strength properties of composites made of untreated cellulose fibers and linear low density polyethylene were investigated as a function of processing parameters. Studies have shown that the strength properties of composites increase with processing time and temperature. The increase in strength is accompanied by the appearance of new infrared absorption bands at 1718 and 1735 cm-1. A linear relationship between the absorbance and yield strength of composites indicates that oxidation, possibly directly at interfaces, takes place and enhances adhesion between the cellulose and polyethylene.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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