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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Role of deposition conditions, impurities and structural defects in the epitaxial growth of thin films (1981)
    Springer
    Applied physics 24 (1981), S. 85-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.50 ; 61.70
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A summary of the theoretical and experimental investigations carried out to understand the problem of epitaxy is given. The effect of deposition conditions and the nature of the substrate-deposit combination on the orientation of the final film is discussed. The importance of the nucleation and growth stages, reorientation and recrystallization effects and the influence of the impurities and defects in the substrate surface on the quality of the films deposited are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00900403
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Addition polyimides. II. Synthesis and characterization of bisitaconimide prepolymers (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 37 (1989), S. 127-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: N,N′-bis(3,3′-itaconimidophenyl) sulfone has been synthesized by reacting itaconic anhydride with 3,3′-diamino diphenyl sulfone. The bisitaconimides and the intermediates were characterized by chemical analysis, IR, NMR, TG, and GPC. The degree of polymerization (DP) of the prepolymers of the bisitaconimide was followed by GPC and from the NMR data on vinylidene and aromatic proton ratios. The correlation between DP and intrinsic viscosity of the prepolymers was made use of to determine the Mark-Houwink constants (K and α). The thermal stability and the decomposition kinetics of the prepolymers were evaluated from TG data. The kinetic parameters, viz. energy of activation, E, and preexponential factor A, were computed using four nonisothermal integral equations, and their values are not appreciably affected by the degree of polymerization, within the range studied.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1989.070370110
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stable polymers based on addition-type imidobenzoxazoles; synthesis and characterization of polybismaleimidobenzoxazoles and polybiscitraconimidobenzoxazoles (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1109-1132 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Four structurally different bisimidobenzoxazole monomers were synthesized, based on the reaction of two isomeric diaminobenzoxazoles, viz., 5-amino-2-(p-aminophenyl) benzoxazole and 5-amino-2-(m-aminophenyl) benzoxazole with maleic and citraconic anhydrides. The diamines were synthesized by a new route. The imides and the amic intermediates were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR, and mass spectra. The imides could be thermally polymerized to crosslinked brittle polybisimidobenzoxazoles. The citraconimides polymerized at a lower temperature than the maleimide. Thermal stability of the cured resins was evaluated by TGA and was correlated to the structure of the polyimide. The polybismaleimidobenzoxazoles were stable up to about 500°C in N2, leaving 50-60% anaerobic char yield at 800°C, whereas polybiscitraconimidobenzoxazoles were stable up to 420°C. Comparison of the thermal behavior of similar polyimides based on oxydianiline revealed that incorporation of benzoxazole structure enhances the decomposition temperature, lowers the rate of decomposition, and enhances the anaerobic char yield at high temperature. Addition of diamines as chain-extending agents decreased the thermal stability of the resins without any change in the anaerobic char yield.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240604
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermally stable polymers based on bisitraconimido and bisnadimido benzoxazole (1986)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 3559-3567 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080241235
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on phosphorylation reaction for the synthesis of soluble amino terminated oligomers of aromatic polyamides and their block copolymers with polybutadiene (1988)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 26 (1988), S. 493-500 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6258
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1988.140261201
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and properties of new polybenzimidazoles and N-phenyl polybenzimidazoles with flexibilizing spacers on the polymer backbone (1987)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 25 (1987), S. 2675-2687 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Several new polybenzimidazoles (PBIs) and N-phenyl PBIs were synthesized by high temperature solution polycondensation techniques. Three different tetramine hydrochlorides and one N-phenyl tetramine hydrochloride were condensed independently with p-phenylenedioxydiacetic acid (PDDA), 2,2′-[isopropylidene bis(p-phenyleneoxy)] diacetic acid (bisacid A2) and 2,2′-[sulfonyl bis(p-phenyleneoxy)] diacetic acid (bisacid S) in polyphosphoric acid (PPA) at high temperatures. The polymers were obtained in 55-65% yield with inherent viscosities in the range 0.58-0.96 dL/g. Four model benzimidazoles (MBI) were also synthesized to confirm the formation of polybenzimidazoles. The PBIs and MBIs were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis. The properties of the polymers such as solubility, density, crystallinity, and thermal, thermoxidative, and isothermal stabilities were studied.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1987.080251004
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parametric study on the bulk hydraircooling of spherical food products (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 1870-1884 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A numerical study of the bulk hydraircooling of spherical food products is performed using the technique of spraying chilled water to form a thin film over the food products while blowing cold unsaturated air in the countercurrent or cocurrent direction. This precooling process is found to combine the advantages of hydro-and air cooling.Governing equations describing the simultaneous heat and mass transfer occurring in the hydraircooling process for both counterflow and parallel-flow arrangements are solved using finite-difference numerical methods. A parametric study is performed to determine the effect of important processing parameters on the process time. It is generally observed that higher quantities of spray water, air-mass flow rate and product thermal conductivity, as well as lower values of water temperature will result in faster rates of cooling. For the same operating conditions, parallel-flow arrangement leads to higher plant capacities.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690391114
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification and characterisation of high impact polystyrene  -  Part I: Microscopic identification of high impact polystyrene filled with titanium dioxide (1970)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 12 (1970), S. 131-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Titandioxid gefülltes schlagfestes Polystyrol kann nicht durch Phasen kontrastmikroskopie identifiziert und charakterisiert werden. Dagegen erhält man durch Kupplung des Polymeren in einer Lösung in Chloroform/äther mit diazotiertem p-Nitroanilin eine spezifische Färbung der Kautschukteilchen, die unter dem Mikroskop beobachtet werden kann. Form, Größe und Verteilung der Kautschukpartikel werden durch die Reaktion nicht verändert.
    Notes: Phase contrast microscopy cannot be applied for the identification and characterisation of high impact polystyrenes if the final product is filled with titanium dioxide. In such cases, coupling the solution of high impact polystyrene in a mixture of chloroform and ether with a diazonium salt of p-nitroaniline results specifically in the coloration of the elastomeric particles, which can be viewed clearly under the microscope. It has been observed that the shape, size and dispersion of the elastomeric particles remain undisturbed during the coupling reaction.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1970.050120109
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ESR and magnetic properties of electrically conducting metallophthalocyanine polymersA part of the paper was presented at the First International Conference on Frontiers in Polymer Research held at New Delhi, January 21-25, 1991. (1994)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 32 (1994), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: phthalocyanine polymers ; electrical conductivity ; magnetic susceptibility ; electron spin resonance ; soliton defects ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Polymeric metallophthalocyanines of Cu, Ni, Co in which benzene rings are shared in common with the macrocyclic phthalocyanine rings containing peripheral carboxylic groups have been synthesized and their electrical conductivities are shown to increase from 5 to 8 orders of magnitude by thermal treatment. The cobalt polymer exhibits greater conductivity than its nickel or copper analogs. The heated polymers show very broad electron spin resonance (ESR) signals and large paramagnetic susceptibilities. The bulk magnetic susceptibility of these polymers shows Curie-like behavior when the samples are heated from room temperature to 473 K. This is explained on the basis of coexistence of fixed mobile and conduction electron spins in the system and the interaction of the soliton type defects present in these polymers with the polymeric network to give dipolar charge carriers. This is also supported by the decrease in ESR intensity with increasing temperature when the samples are heated in the ESR cavity. The effect of the presence of unpaired electrons on the d shell of the central metal atoms on the line width and the line shape of the ESR spectra is also explained. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1994.090320106
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indentification and characterisation of high impact polystyrenes. II. Impact index (1971)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 19 (1971), S. 113-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Extinktion von 0,5-proz. Lösungen von hoch schlagzähem Polystyrol (HIPS) in Tetrachlorkohlenstoff bel 320 mμ sind ein Maß für die Schlagzähigkeit der HIPS-Proben. Der Pfropfungsgrad der HIPS-Proben wurde durch Extraktionsversuche bestimmt. Die Abhängigkeit der Schlagzähigkeit vom Pfropfungsgrad wurde mit der Abhängigkeit der Schlagzähigkeit von den Extinktionen der genannten Lösungen verglichen. Dabei wurde gefunden, daß die Extinktion ebenso wie der Pfropfungsgrad ein Maß für die Schlagzähigkeit ist. Die Werte für die optischen Dichten wurden deshalb in ganzen Zahlen ausgedrückt und als Schlag-Indizes bezeichnet.
    Notes: The optical density of high impact polystyrene (HIPS) solution in carbon tetrachloride (0.5 %) at 320 mμ is found to be indicative of the improvement in impact resistance of the HIPS sample. The percentage grafting has been determined in the HIPS samples by solvent extraction method, and the dependency of impact resistance of the percentage grafting is compared with that of optical density and impact resistance. From the results it appears that the optical densities are as indicative as the percentage grafting, of the impact strength. For the ease of calculations the values of optical density are expressed as whole numbers and are referred as impact indices.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1971.050190111
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