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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computing 44 (1990), S. 1-19 
    ISSN: 1436-5057
    Keywords: 68U05 ; 68C25 ; Polygon ; geodesics ; diameter ; furthest neighbour ; algorithm ; complexity ; computational geometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Gegeben sei ein einfaches PolygonP mitn Ecken. Wir geben einen Algorithmus an, der ein Punktepaar auf der Begrenzung vonP liefert, welches die Länge des kürzesten Weges maximiert, der im Äußeren des Polygons verläuft. Den Weg bezeichnen wir als den äußeren geodätischen Durchmesser vonP. Unser Algorithmus benötigt 0(n 2) Zeit und erfordert 0(n) Speicherplatz. Zu unserer Überraschung ist das Problem von dem, der Berechnung des inneren geodätischen Durchmessers vonP völlig verschieden. Während der innere Durchmesser immer in Ecken vonP endet, muß dies für den äußeren Durchmesser nicht der Fall sein. Schließlich zeigen wir noch, daß der Algorithmus so erweitert werden kann, daß er das Problem der entferntesten äußeren geodätischen Nachbarn löst.
    Notes: Abstract Given a simple polygonP ofn vertices, we present an algorithm that finds the pair of points on the boundary ofP that maximizes theexternal shortest path between them. This path is defined as theexternal geodesic diameter ofP. The algorithm takes0(n 2) time and requires0(n) space. Surprisingly, this problem is quite different from that of computing theinternal geodesic diameter ofP. While the internal diameter is determined by a pair of vertices ofP, this is not the case for the external diameter. Finally, we show how this algorithm can be extended to solve theall external geodesic furthest neighbours problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1619-7089
    Keywords: Thallium-201 chloride ; Bone scan ; Soft tissue sarcoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thirty-seven patients with newly diagnosed or treated sarcomas had 47 sets of sequential thallium scans (TS) followed by three-phase bone scan (TPBS) on the same day. The diagnosis in all patients was verified by biopsy (n=40) or long-term follow-up studies (n=7). The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of TS and TPBS in detecting sarcomatous lesions was calculated: TS sensitivity was 88%, specificity 69%, and accuracy 83%; blood flow (BF) and blood pool (BP) sensitivity was 91%, specificity 54%, and accuracy 81 %; delayed bone scan (DB) sensitivity was 88%, specificity 38%, and accuracy 74%. In 17 studies the flow and blood pool parts of the TPBS and TS demonstrated the soft tissue component of sarcomas, which would have been missed if only the delayed bone scan had been performed. The TS lesion to normal tissue ratio alone was not very helpful in differentiating sarcomas from benign conditions because some benign lesions are highly cellular and vascular while some malignant lesions, such as chondrosarcoma, have poor vascularity and a less cellular chondroid matrix. However, when the thallium ratio was correlated with similar ratios calculated from yhe BP image, it was found that if the TS lesion to normal tissue ratio exceeded the BP lesion to normal tissue ratio (12 patients), the specificity for detecting sarcomatous lesions was 100%. Nevertheless, the reverse was not true. The positive predictive value of this observation was 100% and the negative predictive value was 37%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-0603
    Keywords: Brain ; Artery ; Cultured smooth muscle cells ; cGMP ; cAMP
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cerebral blood vessels have unique properties when compared to most peripheral vascular beds. One such property is that large cerebral vessels are involved in the regulation of cerebral vascular resistance. Studying smooth muscle cells isolated from these vessels will determine how phenotypic properties of these cells contribute to unique cerebrovascular function. Therefore we developed a method of culturing smooth muscle cells from explants of cerebral arteries of porcine brains obtained, gratis, from a local slaughter house. Cells isolated and cultured by the methods described herein were of smooth muscle origin as indicated by histochemical staining for smooth muscle α-actin. Further, we examined the response of the cultured cells to agonists which activate the cGMP dependent vasodilator system by stimulating soluble guanylyl cyclase (nitroglycerin and sodium nitroprusside) or particulate guanylyl cyclase (C-type natriuretic peptide). Also, forskolin activation of adenylyl cyclase was examined. These agents stimulated an increase in intracellular cGMP and cAMP in a manner that was reproducible in every cell isolation (20 brains) and which remained unchanged through nine passages. Additionally, the cells could be frozen, thawed and replated without loss of responsiveness to these agents. The protocol reported here provides a method for culturing cerebral artery smooth muscle cells that is inexpensive, relatively simple, and which yields cells that can be utilized through multiple passages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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