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  • Chemistry  (14)
  • General Chemistry  (2)
  • 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The possible role of metabolites in therapeutic response to chlorpromazine treatment (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 32 (1973), S. 279-284 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlorpromazine ; 7-Hydroxychlorpromazine ; Chlorpromazine Sulphoxide ; Clinical Response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Eight male adult schizophrenic patients undergoing chronic treatment with chlorpromazine were investigated. Clinical assessments were made weekly by a psychiatrist who was unaware of the biochemical findings. Blood samples were drawn 3 h after the first daily dose and the plasma concentrations of chlorpromazine and 11 of its metabolites were assessed by a direct scan technique employing quantitative thin layer chromatography. Patients that responded well to treatment had high plasma levels of chlorpromazine and 7-hydroxychlorpromazine; whereas non-responders had high plasma levels of chlorpromazine sulphoxide. These preliminary findings support the hypothesis that chlorpromazine metabolites play an important role in determining clinical response to treatment, which arose from the failure of previous investigators to show a statistically significant relationship between plasma levels of the parent compound and clinical response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00422150
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization using a liquid matrix: Formation of high-mass cluster ions from proteins (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 27 (1992), S. 53-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210270114
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Suppression of matrix ions in ultraviolet laser desorption: Scanning electron microscopy and raman spectroscopy of the solid samples (1992)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 27 (1992), S. 188-194 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Suppression of low-mass ion peaks in matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption has been found to occur at low matrix-to-analyte molar ratios when using nicotinic acid as matrix, independent of the angle of illumination. Microscopic Raman scattering spectroscopy has been employed to investigate the matrix-analyte solid-state composition. The matrix-to-analyte molar ratios employed in preparing the solutions are reliable guides to the relative amounts of matrix and analyte molecules in the solid crystals, given the method of sample preparation employed involving drying under a stream of nitrogen. A qualitative model based on the proton supply-and-demand argument is tentatively proposed to explain the suppression phenomenon.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210270307
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stress development in plastic sheet extrusion (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 731-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of flow-induced stresses in extruded sheet made of polypropylene was analyzed. A theoretical model was developed to simulate velocity, temperature, and stress profiles for polymeric materials flowing inside a slit die. The output of this simulation was then used to compute temperature and stress profiles as the extrudate emerged from the die, cooled, and relaxed under no draw conditions. Simulated surface stresses and stress profile across the extruded sheet agreed well with the experimental data for the die temperature effect and the die gap effect at low draw ratios.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760291106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of molecular orientation and internal stresses in extruded plastic sheets (1989)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 29 (1989), S. 163-170 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of molecular orientation and internal stresses in extruded sheet made of polypropylene was analyzed, and their correlations to operating conditions such as draw ratio, cooling rate, die temperature, melt temperature, and die gap opening were studied. Measurements of attenuated-total-reflectance infrared dichroic ratio for the surface molecular orientation, birefringence for the orientation stress distribution in the thickness direction, and free shrinkage ratio for the overall frozen-in stresses were carried out to determine the amount of orientation stresses in the extruded samples. As expected, the overall orientation stress depends strongly on draw ratio, while higher melt temperature reduces the overall orientation. It was found that faster cooling rates and lower die temperatures cause surface orientation stresses to increase as the core orientation stresses remain almost unchanged.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760290303
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quiescent polymer crystallization: Modelling and measurements (1994)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 34 (1994), S. 461-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The problem of predicting nonisothermal crystallization kinetics based on isothermal data is considered, with reference to the difficulties involved, both experimental and theoretical. The kinetic model used is the differential form of the Nakamura equation which is an extension of the Avrami equation so as to apply to nonisothermal crystallization. Nonisothermal induction times are obtained from isothermal induction times according to the concept of induction time index. The theory of Hoffman Lauritzen is used to extrapolate the limited isothermal crystallization rate data. Good agreement between DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) nonisothermal crystallinity results and model predictions is obtained for our own data on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and some literature data on nylon-6, if the temperature lag between the sample and the DSC furnace is taken into account. The advantages of the present approach in process modeling are pointed out. Quenching experiments have also been performed in which PET slabs are allowed to cool and crystallize from the melt under quiescent conditions. The resulting crystallinity distributions in the thickness direction are measured and predicted by using kinetic parameter values obtained from isothermal DSC measurements alone.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760340602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Master curve approach to polymer crystallization kinetics (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 733-740 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nonisothermal crystallization kinetic data obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for a poly(ethylene terephthalate) are corrected for the effects of temperature lag between the DSC sample and furnace using the method of Eder and Janeschitz-Kriegl which is based on experimental data alone without resort to any kinetic model. A method is presented for shifting the corrected nonisothermal crystallization kinetic data with respect to an arbitrarily chosen reference temperature to obtain a master curve. The method is based on experimental data alone without reference to any specific form of kinetic model. When the isothermal crystallization kinetic data for the same material are shifted with respect to the same reference temperature, a master curve is also obtained which overlaps to a large extent the corresponding master curve from nonisothermal data. It follows that nonisothermal DSC measurements provide the same crystallization kinetic information as isothermal DSC Measurements, only over a wider range of temperatures. The shift factors obtained from experimental data alone are compared in turn with the corresponding values calculated from the Avrami equation, the Hoffman-Lauritzen expression, and the Nakamura equation as a means of evaluating these models individually. It is concluded that the Avrami equation is very good at describing isothermal crystallization kinetics, the Hoffman-Lauritzen extrapolation of the limited isothermal data to a wide range of temperatures is quite good, and the Nakamura equation yields reliable crystallization kinetic information over a narrower range of temperatures than nonisothermal data alone without using any specific model.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350902
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection molding of semicrystalline polymers. II. Modeling and experiments (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 821-838 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The injection molding of an isotactic polypropylene was computer-simulated with both quiescent and shear-induced crystallization taken into account. A one-dimensional finite difference model was used to simulate the filling, packing, and cooling stages of the injection-molding cycle. The Spencer-Gilmore equation was used to relate the density variations to the pressure and temperature traces in the packing simulation. The quiescent crystallization kinetics was modeled by the differential form of the Nakamura equation. The theory developed by Janeschitz-Kriegl and co-workers was used to model the shear-induced crystallization kinetics. The pressure traces during the filling and packing stages of the molding cycle, the thickness of the shear-induced crystallization layer, and the crystallinity profile throughout the thickness of the part were measured and compared with predicted values. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550519
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Injection molding of semicrystalline polymers. I. Material characterization (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 55 (1995), S. 807-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various material data for an isotactic polypropylene were acquired for the simulation of the injection molding of this material. Viscosity as a function of shear rate and temperature was measured using a capillary rheometer at high shear rates and a cone-and-plate rheometer at low shear rates. Heat-flow properties, characterizing kinetics and induction time of quiescent crystallization, were obtained from DSC measurements. Material data characterizing shear-induced crystallization were obtained from extrusion experiments through a slit die with subsequent quenching of the material in the die after various rest times. The thickness of the shear-induced crystallization layer was measured along with the birefringence in this layer. A model of shear-induced crystallization developed by Janeschitz-Kriegl and co-workers was used to fit the kinetic data. Thus, kinetic parameters such as the limiting shear rate below which no shear-induced crystallization can occur and the characteristic time for the relaxation of birefringence were obtained. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1995.070550518
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of melt fracture initiation conditions in capillaries and slits (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 21 (1977), S. 1177-1187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An experimental study was carried out with the objective of comparing the critical conditions for the onset of gross extrudate distortion, usually called melt fracture, in capillaries and slits. Narrow and broad molecular weight distribution polystyrenes as well as low- and high-density polyethylenes were used. The onset of melt fracture was observed to take place at higher shear stresses in slits than in capillaries. It is argued that the flow-average value of the recoverable shear strain should be used as the criterion for the initiation of melt fracture.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1977.070210502
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