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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    AC electrical behaviour of a Pb2CrO5 ceramic sample with surface electrodes (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 49 (1989), S. 665-670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.20 ; 72.40 ; 72.80J ; 77.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract ac measurements (1 Hz–10 kHz) have been carried out on a Pb2CrO5 ceramic sample (with surface electrodes) at room temperature as a function of voltage and intensity of visible light illuminating the sample. Cole-Cole complex impedance plots show that the electrical behaviour of Pb2CrO5 is strongly modified when the sample is illuminated. The bulk conductance of the sample is found to increase with increasing light intensity indicating that this dielectric material becomes semiconducting due to the photogeneration of free charge carriers in the conduction band. The dielectric constant of the sample is enhanced by illumination probably due to light-dependent space charge effects in a manner where the dielectric's relaxation time (τ=RC=0.7 ms) remains constant with light intensity. On the other hand, both the bulk conductance and geometrical capacitance of the sample have been found to be almost independent of the applied voltage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00616991
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photovoltaic effect in thin film of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 evaporated on stainless steel (1978)
    Springer
    Applied physics 17 (1978), S. 207-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 72.40 ; 77.80 ; 84.60
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A dc photovoltaic effect has been observed in thin films of Pb(Zr, Ti)O3 evaporated on stainless steel, in the absence of applied field. The spectral photovoltaic response of the film has a peak sensitivity around 4000 Å. The photovoltage exists only below the Curie temperature. The film device becomes semiconductive under illumination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00885258
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pb2CrO5 photovoltaic device for the detecting light-beam position (1988)
    Springer
    Applied physics 45 (1988), S. 65-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0649
    Keywords: 07.60 ; 85.60 G ; 72.40
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A light position detector operating through a photovoltaic effect of a Pb2CrO5 ceramic disk with a pair of Au planar electrodes is investigated. A fabrication technique and the basic characteristics of the photovoltaic device for position detection are described. A peak photovoltage is obtained around the edge of the electrode for an incident light beam. The incident light beam shape and the electrode pattern are important factors for obtaining a linear relation between the light-beam position and the output signal from the device. A device fabricated for detecting one-dimensional light position has a high position resolution of 0.5 μm and a good linearity of ±2 μm or less. A two-dimensional device can be fabricated in the same way as the one-dimensional device, except for the electrode pattern. A method for two-dimensional light position detection using a Pb2CrO5 photovoltaic cell is demonstrated for a green LED as a light source.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694317
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interparticle mass transfer study with a packed column of immobilized microbes (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 1729-1747 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of whole-cell lactase of Escherichia coli immobilized in spherical agar gels was determined under the influence of interparticle mass transfer in a fixed bed reactor. The dependence of the pseudokinetic parameters (K′m and v′max) fluid conditions was in accordance with the prediction derived from combinedeffects of kinetics and mass transfer. Within the limited conditions of theexperiments, it was observed that the apparent Michaelis constant could be represented by the following simple equation, K′m/Km = 1 + (φ/kLa)(vmax/Km).The mass transfer coeflicient (kL) needed in the theoretical analysis was determined in correlation with particle size (0.12-0.45 cm) and liquid flow rate (0.30-12.0 cm/min) using the more stable enzyme, cell-bound invertase of Saccharomyces pastorianus, as the material to be entrapped in the gelatinous particles. The relationship was expressed in the following dimensionless equation, (1-φ)Sh = 2 + 0.6Re1/2Sc1/3, except that marked deviation resulting in the reduction of kL was noticed with a Reynolds number less than 0.8.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260171204
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dual control of invertase Biosynthesis in chemostat culture (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 1117-1124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In a previous study on the chemostat culture of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, maximum invertase specific activity was observed at an intermediate dilution rate. A possible regulation mechanism, assuming there are simultaneous effects of induction and repression on two sites of the operator loci for invertase formation, is proposed which might account for the observed curve of the dilution rate effect.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180808
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sucrose inversion by immobilized yeast cells in a complete mixing reactor (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 17 (1975), S. 481-497 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Using whole cell invertase of Saccharomyces pastorianus, entrapped in spherical agar pellets, sucrose hydrolysis was carried out in a continuously fed fluidized bed reactor. The effective rate of reaction determined experimentally for the catalytic pellet was correlated with particle radius (R), intraparticle concentration of enzyme (Ep) and external concentration of substrate (SR).The results were elucidated by theoretical analysis incorporating internal mass transfer resistance. At high degrees of diffusional resistance, the effectiveness factor was successfully estimted from Bischoff's equation. A dimensionless number, mA = R(k2Ep/KmD)0.5(Km/(Km + SR)), was used conveniently to predict the effectiveness factor in those cases wher the intraparticle diffusional effect was less significant. This number was employed to determine critical pellet size for an optimal reaction.The relationship between the properties of the pellet (size and intraparticle enzyme activity) and its apparent kinetic constants (k′2 and K′m), estimated according to Lineweaver-Burk, are discussed.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260170403
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous culture in combined backmix-plug-flow-tubular-loop fermentor configurations (1982)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 24 (1982), S. 2292-2292 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260241019
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Invertase biosynthesis by Saccharomyces carlsbergensis in batch and continuous cultures (1976)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 18 (1976), S. 1103-1115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The biosynthesis of invertase by Saccharomyces carlsbergensis LAM 1068 was studied in relation to its glucose effect at both unsteady and steady states of growth. Experimental correlations between the dilution rate and invertase specific activity (E/X) in chemostat, cultures led to an optimum for the enzyme synthesis at a particular intermediate growth rate. The value of E/X increased from 1.1 (U/mg biomass) in batch cultures to 13 (U/mg biomass) in chemostat cultures. A mutant strain A3 showed the highest value for E/X = 25 (U/mg biomass) at high dilution rates where glucose repression was observed with the wild strain.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260180807
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical model of cell growth and phosphatase biosynthesis in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis under phosphate limitation (1979)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 21 (1979), S. 487-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The rate kinetics of growth and acid phosphatase formation in the batch culture of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis LAM 1068 was studied under varying degrees of phosphate limitation. The mathematical model that was developed is concerned with the time lag for exponential growth, the biphasic growth on a substrate (glucose) and its product (ethanol), sustained growth on conservative phosphate, and the derepression of acid phosphatase. The numerical calculations using appropriate parametric constants successfully described the variation in the cell mass, glucose, ethanol, and inorganic phosphate concentrations, and the enzyme activity of acid phosphatase during aerobic growth of S. carlsbergensis under five different conditions of phosphate starvation. A simulation study revealed that the optimum initial phosphate concentration in the medium giving a high productivity of acid phosphate was 2.0 mg phosphorus/g glucose liter.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260210310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics of biphasic growth of yeast in continuous and fed-batch cultures (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1805-1827 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The influence of dilution rate on the production of biomass, ethanol, and invertase in an aerobic culture of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis was studied in a glucose-limited chemostat culture. A kinetic model was developed to analyze the biphasic growth of yeast on both the glucose remaining and the ethanol produced in the culture. The model assumes a double effect where glucose regulates the flux of glucose catabolism (respiration and aerobic fermentation) and the ethanol utilization in yeast cells. The model could successfully demonstrate the experimental results of a chemostat culture featuring the monotonic decrease of biomass concentration with an increase of dilution rate higher than 0.2 hr-1 as well as the maximum ethanol concentration at a particular dilution rate around 0.5 hr-1. Some supplementary data were collected from an ethanol-limited aerobic chemostat culture and a glucose-limited anaerobic chemostat culture to use in the model calculation. Some parametric constants of cell growth, ethanol production, and invertase formation were determined in batch cultures under aerobic and anaerobic states as summarized in a table in comparison with the chemostat data. Using the constants, a prediction of the optimal control of a glucose fed-batch yeast culture was conducted in connection with an experiment for harvesting a high yield of yeast cells with high invertase activity.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220904
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