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  • 857  (2)
  • Carbon monoxide  (2)
  • Ferritin  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haematology and clinical chemistry of english springer spaniel dogs with phosphofructokinase deficiency (1994)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 4 (1994), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Clinical chemistry ; Dogs ; Ferritin ; Haematology ; Haptoglobin ; Iron ; Phosphofructokinase deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Haematologic and serum clinical chemical values were compared from five to nine phosphofructokinase (PFK)-deficient (when not in haemolytic crisis) and five normal adult English springer spaniel dogs. Affected dogs had macrocytic hypochromic compensated haemolytic anaemias (haematocrit 0.35 ± 0.021/l, mean ± standard deviation), with markedly increased absolute reticulocyte counts of 859 ± 320 × 109/l (normal control dogs, 29 ± 10 × 109/l). Bone marrow evaluation of affected dogs revealed erythroid hyperplasia with normal or increased amounts of stainable iron, as would be expected in response to a haemolytic anaemia. Although the platelet count was not different from that of normal control dogs, the mean platelet volume was nearly 50% higher in affected dogs. Absolute numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes were higher in affected dogs (10.7 ± 1.3, 4.4 ± 1.2 and 1.4 ± 0.5 × 109/l, respectively) than in normal control dogs (6.8 ± 1.4, 3.0 ± 0.3 and 0.5 ± 0.2 × 109/l, respectively). Affected dogs also had higher serum iron (58 ± 25 μmol/l) and ferritin (1081 ± 172 μg/l) concentrations than normal control dogs (24 ± 5 μmol/l and 512 ± 222 μg/l, respectively), providing evidence for increased body iron stores. Serum haptoglobin was very low in most affected dogs, indicating that some degree of intravascular haemolysis occurs even when haemoglobinuria is not observed. Serum chemical analysis revealed slightly higher potassium, magnesium, and calcium values in affected dogs compared to normal dogs. Consistent with the presence of a haemolytic anaemia, serum bilirubin from affected dogs was increased in most affected dogs (14 ± 8 μmol/l compared to 2 ± 1 μmol/l in normal control dogs). Serum urea was also higher (10.9 ± 2.8 v 6.2 ± 1.3 mmol/l), but creatinine was lower (53 ± 8 v 85 ± 12 μmol/l) in affected dogs, compared to normal control dogs. Serum creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and alkaline phosphatase from affected dogs were at least double that of normal control dogs. Serum protein and total globulins were slightly higher, but albumin was slightly lower in affected compared to normal control dogs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368272
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Haematological findings in pregnant, postparturient and nursing mares (1994)
    Springer
    Comparative clinical pathology 4 (1994), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-2981
    Keywords: Ferritin ; Haematology ; Horses ; Iron ; Lactation ; Pregnancy ; Postparturient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Venous blood samples were collected from 16 Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse mares during late pregnancy (approximately one month before parturition), approximately 6 h after parturition, one month after parturition and 4 months after parturition when the foals were weaned. There were no significant differences over time for haematocrit, mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin concentration, platelet count or mean platelet volume. The icterus index was significantly higher, and the total plasma protein concentration was slightly lower, during late pregnancy than when nursing. Plasma fibrinogen concentration and total leucocyte counts were highest shortly after birth. Results from differential leucocyte counts revealed that the increased total leucocyte count measured shortly after birth was the result of increased numbers of neutrophils. There were no significant differences in absolute lymphocyte, monocyte or basophil counts, but the number of eosinophils was significantly lower shortly after birth. Total serum iron concentration and percentage saturation of transferrin with iron were highest shortly after birth. There was no significant difference in iron binding capacity over time. Serum ferritin and cortisol concentrations were lowest during late pregnancy, but the mean ferritin value was not significantly different from other time periods. The addition of iron and other mineral supplements to the basic concentrate fed at the University of Florida Horse Research Unit did not have a measurable effect on any haematological parameter evaluated in mares.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00368262
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of serotonin 5-HT2A/2C antagonists on associative learning in the rabbit (1998)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 137 (1998), S. 157-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Serotonin 5-HT2A/2C receptor ; Ritanserin ; MDL-11 ; 939 ; LY-53 ; 857 ; Classical conditioning ; Nictitating membrane ; Motor performance ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist, ritanserin, was reported to retard the acquisition of conditioned responses (CRs) during classical conditioning of the rabbit’s nictitating membrane (NM) response. The present study compared the effects of ritanserin on acquisition of CRs to a tone conditioned stimulus (CS) with that of the 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonist, LY-53,857 and the 5-HT2A selective antagonist, MDL-11,939. All three drugs were injected at equimolar doses of 0.067, 0.67 and 6.7 μmol/kg, SC, 1 h before behavioral testing. Ritanserin and MDL-11,939 retarded CR acquisition to a tone CS, while LY-53,857 had no effect. Control experiments demonstrated that ritanserin (1 μmol/kg), MDL-11,939 (1 μmol/kg) and LY-53,857 (2 μmol/kg) had no effect on baseline responding or non-associative responding to the CS. However, both ritanserin and MDL-11,939 impaired the performance of the unconditioned NM reflex, as measured by a decrease in UR amplitudes on US alone trials, while LY-53,857 had no effect. In previously trained animals, ritanserin robustly impaired the performance of CRs, as measured by a reduced ability of the CS to elicit CRs, while the effects of LY-53,857 and MDL-11,939 were marginal. The retardation of associative learning produced by ritanserin and MDL-11,939 may have been due, at least in part, to their impairment of the NM reflex arc. Since MDL-11,939 is a highly selective 5-HT2A antagonist, the retardation of learning and impairment of UR amplitudes produced by MDL-11,939 and ritanserin may have been due to blockade of the 5-HT2A receptor. The ability of ritanserin and MDL-11,939 to produce effects on learning and performance that were opposite to that of 5-HT2A/2C agonists suggests that they may be acting as inverse agonists at that receptor. These results stress the importance of the serotonergic system for optimal associative learning and motor function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050605
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on a cranial nerve reflex in the rabbit: evidence for inverse agonism (1999)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 141 (1999), S. 162-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Key words Ritanserin ; MDL-11 ; 939 ; Mianserin ; Ketanserin ; BOL ; LY-53 ; 857 ; 5-HT2A/2C receptor antagonists ; Nictitating membrane ; Motor performance ; Rabbit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  This study examined the role of the serotonin 5-HT2 receptor in motor function by examining the effect of antagonists on the motor performance of a cranial nerve reflex, the nictitating membrane (NM) reflex of the rabbit. The NM reflex was elicited by varying intensities of a tactile stimulus and the magnitudes of the elicited responses were measured at each intensity. Dose-response curves were obtained for the effects of several 5-HT2 receptor antagonists on response magnitude. d-Bromolysergic acid diethylamide (BOL), LY-53,857 and ketanserin had no significant effect on the magnitude of the NM reflex, indicating that they are neutral antagonists. However, the 5-HT2 receptor antagonists ritanserin, MDL-11,939 and mianserin produced a significant reduction in response magnitude with no significant effects on response frequency, suggesting that they were acting as inverse agonists at the 5-HT2 receptor. The reduction in reflex magnitude produced by mianserin (10 µmol/kg) was fully blocked by BOL (5.8 µmol/kg), supporting the conclusion that mianserin was producing a reduction in reflex magnitude through an effect at the 5-HT2 receptor. The occurrence of inverse agonism suggests the possible existence of constitutive activity in vivo. We conclude that the 5-HT2 receptor (either 2A or 2C) plays an important role in motor function, perhaps by providing a tonic influence on motor systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002130050820
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Response of Anesthetic Agent Monitors to Trifluoromethane Warns of the Presence of Carbon Monoxide from Anesthetic Breakdown (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 13 (1997), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Carbon monoxide ; anesthetics ; inhalation ; trifluoromethane ; intraoperative monitoring ; spectrum analysis ; mass spectrum analysis ; Raman spectrum analysis ; infrared
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. Trifluoromethane and CO are produced simultaneously duringthe breakdown of isoflurane and desflurane by dry CO2absorbents. Trifluoromethane interferes with anesthetic agent monitoring, andthe interference can be used as a marker to indicate anesthetic breakdown withCO production. This study tests representative types of gas monitors todetermine their ability to provide a clinically useful warning of COproduction in circle breathing systems. Methods. Isoflurane anddesflurane were reacted with dry Baralyme® at 45 °C. Standardizedsamples of breakdown products were created from mixtures of reacted andunreacted gases to simulate the partial degrees of reaction which might resultduring clinical episodes of anesthetic breakdown using 1% or 2% isoflurane and 6% or 12% desflurane. These mixtures were measured by the monitors tested, andthe indication of the wrong agent or a mixture of agents due to the presenceof trifluoromethane was recorded and related to the CO concentration in thegas mixtures. Results. When presented with trifluoromethane fromanesthetic breakdown, monochromatic infrared monitors displayedinappropriately large amounts of isoflurane or desflurane. Agent identifyinginfrared and Raman scattering monitors varied in their sensitivity totrifluoromethane. Mass spectrometers measuring enflurane at mass to charge= 69 were most sensitive to trifluoromethane. Conclusions. Monochromaticinfrared monitors were unable to indicate anesthetic breakdown viainterference by trifluoromethane, but did indicate falsely elevated anestheticconcentrations. Agent identifying infrared and Raman monitors provided warningof desflurane breakdown via the interference of trifluoromethane by displayingthe wrong agent or mixed agents, but may not be sensitive enough to warn ofisoflurane breakdown. Some mass spectrometers provided the most sensitivewarnings to anesthetic breakdown via trifluoromethane, but additional dataprocessing by some patient monitor units reduced their overall effectiveness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007390722425
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance of an Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Monitor in the Presence of Anesthetic Gases (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of clinical monitoring and computing 13 (1997), S. 357-362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2614
    Keywords: Carbon monoxide ; Inhalation anesthetics: isoflurane ; Inhalation anesthetics: enflurane ; Inhalation anesthetics: desflurane ; Intraoperative monitoring.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. The passage of volatile anesthetic agents through accidentallydried CO2 absorbents in anesthesia circuits can result in thechemical breakdown of anesthetics with production of greater than 10 000 ppmcarbon monoxide (CO). This study was designed to evaluate a portable COmonitor in the presence of volatile anesthetic agents. Methods. Two portableCO monitors employing electrochemical sensors were tested to determine theeffects of anesthetic agents, gas sample flow rates, and high COconcentrations on their electrochemical sensor. The portable CO monitorswere exposed to gas mixtures of 0 to 500 ppm CO in either 70% nitrousoxide, 1 MAC concentrations of contemporary volatile anesthetics, or reactedisoflurane or desflurane (containing CO and CHF3) in oxygen.The CO measurements from the electrochemical sensors were compared tosimultaneously obtained samples measured by gas chromatography (GC). Datawere analyzed by linear regression. Results. Overall correlation between theportable CO monitors and the GC resulted in an r2 value〉0.98 for all anesthetic agents. Sequestered samples produced anexponential decay of measured CO with time, whereas stable measurements weremaintained during continuous flow across the sensor. Increasing flow ratesresulted in higher CO readings. Exposing the CO sensor to 3000 and 19 000ppm CO resulted in maximum reported concentrations of approximately 1250ppm, with a prolonged recovery. Conclusions. Decrease in measuredconcentration of the sequestered samples suggests destruction of the sampleby the sensor, whereas a diffusion limitation is suggested by the dependencyof measured value upon flow. Any value over 500 ppm must be assumed torepresent dangerous concentrations of CO because of the non-linear responseof these monitors at very high CO concentrations. These portableelectrochemical CO monitors are adequate to measure CO concentrations up to500 ppm in the presence of typical clinical concentrations of anesthetics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007450826769
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