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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (28)
  • ACETALDEHYDE  (3)
  • Aggression  (3)
  • Genetics  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pentobarbital sodium and attack behavior in male siamese fighting fish (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 69 (1980), S. 207-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentobarbital ; Aggression ; Fish behavior ; Sexual behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract An experiment was undertaken to determine the effects of pentobarbital sodium on intraspecific attack behavior in male Siamese fighting fish in an attempt to extend earlier findings with chlordiazepoxide and secobarbital sodium. Pairs of fish fought while immersed in 20 μg/ml or 40 μg/ml pentobarbital sodium or plain water. The 40 μg/ml group showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jaw locking) than either control or low dose groups without producing a change in general arousal. Quasisexual behavior, seen in an earlier chlordiazepoxide study, did not occur in the present study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427651
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) on the intensity and habituation of agonistic behavior in male Siamese fighting fish (1973)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 33 (1973), S. 277-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Habituation ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of chlordiazepoxide (Librium) on the intensity and habituation of the threat display in male Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) was evaluated by exposing each subject to a male conspecific eliciting stimulus. In an independent groups design, the subjects were tested in either plain tap water, or a drug solution of 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml. Chlordiazepoxide attenuated threat behavior and facilitated habituation of the display without inducing noticeable sedation. The results were evaluated in term of a sdual-process theory of habituation involving independent hypothetical processes of sensitization and habituation which produce the net observed habituation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00423062
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chlordiazepoxide (librium)-induced changes in intraspecific attack and selected non-agonistic behaviors in male siamese fighting fish (1975)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 42 (1975), S. 139-145 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Chlordiazepoxide ; Aggression ; Fish Behavior ; Sexual Behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two experiments were undertaken to determine the effects of chlordiazepoxide on intraspecific attack behavior and selected non-aggressive behaviors in male Siamese fighting fish. In Exp. 1, pairs of fish fought while immersed in either 15 Μg/ml or 30 Μg/ml of chlordiazepoxide, or plain water. The drug groups showed significantly less attack (e.g., biting, jawlocking) than the control group, without noticeable behavioral toxicity. Also, in the drug groups alone, some variants of the copulatory clasp, seen in normal mating, occurred in many pairs. In Exp. 2, individual fish were isolated in one of the same doses or plain water for a period equivalent to that of Exp. 1. These doses produced no changes in measures of arousal, locomotion, and feeding behavior, as compared to the control condition. The drugrelated appearance of the intermale mating-like behavior is discussed in terms of a theoretical formulation postulating a mutually inhibitory relationship between sex and aggression in fish.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429544
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coagulation Protein Function V (Diminution of Antithrombin III Function by Acetaldehyde) (1998)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 43 (1998), S. 1746-1751 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ANTITHROMBIN III ; THROMBIN ; ACETALDEHYDE ; ALCOHOL ; ALCOHOLISM ; BLOOD COAGULATION
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The anticoagulant activity of antithrombin III(ATIII), as observed in a plasma-free system consistingof thrombin and fibrinogen, is readily reduced byacetaldehyde (AcH) at concentrations of 447, 89.4, and 17.9 mM. Whereas controlthrombin-fibrinogen mixtures clotted in 17.7 ±0.75 sec, ATIII prolonged clotting time to 55.0 ±1.75 sec on preincubation with thrombin for 30 min atroom temperature. On subsequent preincubation of ATIII with theAcH for 30 min at room temperature and passage of themixture through Sephadex G-25 minicolumns to removeexcess AcH, the eluates were tested for anticoagulant activity. Clotting times of 20.9 ± 1.0,32.3 ± 1.0, and 45.3 ± 1.6 sec wereobtained with 447, 89.4, and 17.9 mM AcH-ATIII mixtures,respectively. These data suggest that functional groupson ATIII, such as guanidiniums, aminos, and others aresusceptible to adduct formation with AcH, therebyaltering the shape and charge of the anticoagulant. Asa consequence of this type of reaction, an alteredmolecule of reduced biological activity may be produced.These experimental results may explain, in part, thereduction in ATIII levels reported by others in patientswith alcoholic liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018831619359
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coagulation Protein Function VI (Augmentation of Anticoagulant Function by Acetaldehyde-Treated Heparin) (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 1349-1355 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ANTITHROMBIN III ; THROMBIN ; HEPARIN ; BLOOD COAGULATION ; ACETALDEHYDE ; ALCOHOL ; ALCOHOLISM
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acetaldehyde (AcH) at preincubationconcentrations of 447, 89.4, and 17.9 mM potentiates theeffects of heparin on the clotting time of plasma. Whilecontrol plasma clotted in the range of 12.6 ± 0.1 to 13.8 ± 0.1 sec, and heparin-treatedplasma clotted in a range from 131.5 ± 2.5 to168.2 ± 1.2 sec, heparin that was preincubated atroom temperature for 30 min with 89.4 or 447 mM AcH didnot clot plasma in 300 sec. Heparin exposed to 17.9 mMAcH clotted plasma in 193 ± 1.1 sec. Ethanol ata 404 mM concentration also prolonged the clotting timeof heparin-treated plasma 〉300 sec, while 202 mM ethanol prolonged the clotting time ofheparin-treated plasma from 149.0 ± 2.0 sec to219.5 ± 1.7 sec. It is suggested that AcH altersthe tertiary structure of heparin by adduct formation,possibly by formation of cyclic acetals with iduronicand glucuronic acids, thereby more readily affectingbinding of the glycosaminoglycan to antithrombin IIIand/or thrombin, prolonging clotting time. Ethanol, which does not react covalently with heparin,might affect its conformation as a consequence of anorganic solvent effect. Protamine sulfate prolonged theclotting time of plasma from 13.6 ± 0.1 sec to 17.9 ± 0.2 sec. Protaminesulfate-treated heparin clotted plasma in 21.0 ±0.4 sec relative to heparin-treated plasma (160.4± 1.7 sec). In subsequent experiments,AcH-treated protamine sulfate extended the clotting time of protamine sulfate from17.9 ± 0 sec to 33.7 ± 0.6 sec. Prioraddition of protamine sulfate to AcH- heparin mixturesor heparin to protamine sulfate-AcH mixtures beforeaddition to plasma resulted in clotting times of 22.0± 0.4 sec and 24.1 ± 0.5 sec,respectively, relative to control clotting times of162.3 ± 2.6 sec for plasma-heparin mixtures.These results confirm both the reduction in coagulation time ofheparin-treated plasma by protamine sulfate and theprolongation of clotting time of plasma by protaminesulfate. Furthermore, and importantly, they indicatethat acetaldehyde-treated protamine sulfate is a more effectiveanticoagulant than protamine sulfate. It is suggestedthat reversible adduct formation between acetaldehyde,heparin, and protamine sulfate may occur as a meansexplaining the essentially identical coagulation time ofthese mixtures when added to plasma regardless of theorder of premixing. Ethanol (404 mM) did not influenceprotamine sulfate effects. Lastly, the potentiation of the anticoagulant function of heparin byacetaldehyde suggests that a structural modification ofthe glycosaminoglycan may occur in alcoholics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026635331519
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Coagulation Protein Function VII (Diametric Effects of Acetaldehyde on Factor VII and Factor IX Function) (1999)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 44 (1999), S. 2564-2567 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: ALCOHOL ; COAGULATION ; FACTOR VII ; FACTOR IX ; ACETALDEHYDE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The first metabolite of ethanol, acetaldehyde,has the ability to form adducts with proteins and altertheir function. It has been shown that acetaldehydereacts with various proteins of the blood coagulation pathway and, subsequently, produces aprolongation of the clotting time. This study evaluatedthe function of clotting proteins from the extrinsiccoagulation pathway (factor VII) and the intrinsiccoagulation pathway (factor IX) when preincubated withacetaldehyde as compared to a control and compared topreincubation with ethanol. Prior to use in a clottingassay, incubation times with acetaldehyde, ethanol, and the control were the same for both factorsVII and IX. An automatic fibrometer measured theclotting times. Factor VII preincubated withacetaldehyde prolonged the clotting time. However,factor IX preincubated with acetaldehyde actuallydecreased the clotting time. Of interest, both factorsVII and IX preincubated with acetaldehyde producedstatistically significant results when compared to thecontrol and ethanol. This experiment indicates thatacetaldehyde, in forming an adduct with proteins of theblood coagulation pathway, may induce a conformationalchange of factors VII and IX so as to either increase or decrease the clotting time. Therefore, it ispossible that some of the deranged coagulation inalcohol abusers may be a final net result of theinteraction of acetaldehyde and proteins of thecoagulation pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026615928562
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of the morphology and function of primary cilia in connective tissues:A cellular cybernetic probe? (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 175-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: primary cilia ; connective tissues ; secretory organelles ; extracellular matrix ; cybernetic probe ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: More than 300 primary cilia have been identified electronmicroscopically in a variety of embryonic and mature connective tissue cells. To further define the enigmatic function of these cilia, we examined the interrelationships between the basal apparatus and cytoplasmic organelles and the ciliary shaft and the extracellular matrix. The basal diplosome was consistently associated with the secretory organelles including the maturing face of the Golgi complex, Golgi vacuoles and vesicles, the microtubular network, the plasma membrane, and coated pits and vesicles. Small vesicles and amorphous granules were also observed within the ciliary lumen and adjacent to the ciliary membrane. Microtubule-membrane bridges linked axonemal tubules to the ciliary membrane. The position, projection, and orientation of the axoneme were influenced by the structural organisation and mechanical properties of the matrix and frequently caused angulation of the ciliary shaft relative to the basal body. Located midway between the secretory apparatus and the extracellular matrix, primary cilia would appear ideally situated to mediate the necessry interaction between the cell and its surrounding environment prerequisite to the formation and maintenance of a functionally effective matrix. We propose that primary cilia in connective tissue cells could act as multifunctional, cellular cybernetic probes, receiving, transducing, and conducting a variety of extrinsic stimuli to the intracellular organelles responsible for effecting the appropriate homeostatic feedback response to changes in the extracellular microenvironment.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050302
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second messenger function of phosphatidic acid in platelet activation (1989)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 139 (1989), S. 558-564 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Phosphatidic acid (PA) is synthesized as the result of the receptor-mediated response of platelets to physiologic agonists. The role of PA in platelet signal transduction, however, is largely unknown. We have examined the responses of platelets to 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonoyl phosphatidic acid (SAPA), the predominant molecular species of human platelet PA. SAPA alone causes platelet aggregation, and pretreatment of platelets with SAPA markedly enhances thrombin-induced aggregation and secretion. Addition of SAPA to intact human platelets causes rapid breakdown of phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) and the generation of diacylglycerol and endogenous PA. These reactions are associated with mobilization of intracellular calcium and activation of protein kinase C. SAPA also stimulates the release of endogenous arachidonic acid and its conversion to thromboxane A2. Furthermore, platelet activation by SAPA is blocked by indomethacin, indicating that the actions of SAPA are mediated by cyclooxygenase products. These findings suggest that SAPA may play an important role as an endogenous positive feedback signal to amplify receptor-mediated activation of PIP2-specific phospholipase C in human platelets.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041390315
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increasing and decreasing protein stability: Effects of revertant substitutions on the thermal denaturation of phage λ repressor (1985)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 29 (1985), S. 217-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: mutant repressors ; differential scanning calorimetry ; protein stability ; thermal denaturation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The thermal denaturations of five revertant λ repressors containing single amino acid substitutions in their N-terminal domains have been studied by differential scanning calorimetry. Two substitutions slightly decrease stability, and the remaining three render the protein more stable than wild type. The Gly48 → Asn and Gly48 → Ser proteins are 4°C more stable than wild type. These two substitutions replace an α helical residue, and in each case a poor helix forming residue, glycine, is replaced by a residue with a higher helical propensity. We also present data showing that one revertant, Tyr22 → Phe, has reduced operator DNA binding affinity despite its enhanced stability.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240290306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal epithelium as observed after efferent ductule ligation (1975)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 183 (1975), S. 267-291 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Seminiferous tubules from testes of normal and efferent ductule ligated mice were examined with the electron microscope. The tubules in the ligated animals were markedly distended and at most stages of the seminiferous cycle the epithelium exhibited a series of circumferentially-oriented ridges. Cross-sectional profiles of these ridges were studied with particular emphasis on the Sertoli cell junctional specializations and their relationship to the germinal cells.In the ligated specimen the basal cytoplasm of the Sertoli cells is highly attenuated, often appearing as a thin process resting on the basement lamina. Where the cytoplasm of one Sertoli cell ends, it meets in apposition with the cytoplasm of an adjoining Sertoli cell, and at these sites, junctional specializations are present. The ridges are comprised of a stalk of apical Sertoli cell cytoplasm, often appearing like an inverted cone, with young spermatids aligned along the lateral surfaces and the more mature spermatid population embedded within the apical cytoplasm. Junctional specializations were observed along these lateral Sertoli cell surfaces. In some instances, they formed a free surface, but usually early spermatids were in contact with the junctional specializations. With respect to the more mature spermatids, the acrosomal component was typically found in relation to a junctional specialization. Germ cells at the spermatocyte stage were also noted in relation to the Sertoli cell junctional specializations.The findings suggest that spermatocytes cross the Sertoli cell barrier and gain access to the adluminal compartment of the seminiferous tubule through the disengagement of the inter-Sertoli cell junctional complex. It is proposed that when the inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations separate, the spermatocytes come in apposition with the newly freed junctional surfaces and remain in relation with them through the ensuing divisions. It appears that at some point, firm adhesion between germ cells and the junctional specializations occurs; the spermatid progeny may thus maintain contact with the original inter-Sertoli cell junctional specializations until their release into the tubule lumen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091830205
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