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  • ADH  (2)
  • Chloride channels  (2)
  • Key words Colon  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of ADH on sodium, chloride, potassium, calcium and magnesium transport in cortical and medullary thick ascending limbs of mouse nephron (1988)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 412 (1988), S. 516-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: ADH ; Transepithelial ion net fluxes ; Na+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ transport ; Electron microprobe ; Mouse kidney ; Cortical and medullary thick ascending limb of Henle's loop ; In vitro microperfusion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of antidiuretic hormone (arginine vasopressin, AVP) on transepithelial Na+, Cl−, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ net transports was investigated in medullary (mTAL) and cortical (cTAL) segments of the thick ascending limb (TAL) of mouse nephron, perfused in vitro. Transepithelial net fluxes (J Na +,J Cl −,J K +,J Ca 2+,J Mg 2+) were determined by electron probe analysis of the collected tubular fluid. Transepithelial potential difference (PDte) and transepithelial resistance (Rte) were measured simultaneously. cTAL segments were bathed and perfused with isoosmolal, HCO 3 − containing Ringer solutions, mTAL segments were bathed and perfused with isoosmolal HCO 3 − free Ringer solutions. In cTAL segments, AVP (10−10 mol·l−1) significantly increasedJ Mg 2+ andJ Ca 2+ from 0.39±0.08 to 0.58±0.10 and from 0.86±0.13 to 1.19±0.15 pmol·min−1 mm−1 respectively. NeitherJ Na + norJ Cl −, (J Na +: 213±30 versus 221±28 pmol·min−1 mm−1,J Cl −: 206±30 versus 220±23 pmol·min−1 mm−1) nor PDte (13.4±1.3 mV versus 14.1±1.9 mV) or Rte (24.6±6.5Ω cm2 versus 22.6±6.4Ω cm2) were significantly changed by AVP. No significant effect of AVP on net K+ transport was observed. In mTAL segments, Mg2+ and Ca2+ net transports were close to zero and AVP (10−10 mol·l−1) elicited no effect. However NaCl net reabsorption was significantly stimulated by the hormone,J Na + increased from 107±33 to 148±30 andJ Cl − from 121±33 to 165±32 pmol·min−1 mm−1. The rise inJ NaCl was accompanied by an increase in PDte from 9.0±0.7 to 13.5±0.9 mV and a decrease in Rte from 14.4±2.0 to 11.2±1.7 Ω cm2. No K+ net transport was detected, either under control conditions or in the presence of AVP. To test for a possible effect of HCO 3 − on transepithelial ion fluxes, mTAL segments were bathed and perfused with HCO 3 − containing Ringer solutions. With the exception ofJ Ca 2+ which was significantly different from zero (J Ca 2+: 0.26±0.06 pmol·min−1 mm−1), net transepithelial fluxes of Na+, Cl−, K+ and Mg2+ were unaffected by HCO 3 − . In the presence of AVP,J Mg 2+ andJ Ca 2+ were unaltered whereasJ NaCl was stimulated to the same extent as observed in the absence of HCO 3 − . In conclusion our results indicate heterogeneity of response to AVP in cortical and medullary segments of the TAL segment, since AVP stimulates Ca2+ and Mg2+ reabsorption in the cortical part and Na+ and Cl− reabsorption in the medullary part of this nephron segment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582541
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ATP increases [Ca2+]i and ion secretion via a basolateral P2Y-receptor in rat distal colonic mucosa (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 434 (1997), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Colon ; Fura-2 ; Rat colonic crypt ; ATP ; P2Y-receptor ; Purinoceptor ; Exocrine secretion
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Under resting conditions the mammalian distal colon is a NaCl-absorptive epithelium. NaCl absorption occurs at surface cells in colonic crypts. Intracellular Ca2+ or cAMP are important second messengers that activate NaCl secretion, a function that is most pronounced in crypt bases. In the present study we examined the effect of extracellular ATP on isolated crypts of rat distal colon using the fura-2 technique. Intracellular Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) was measured spectrofluorimetrically either by photon counting or video imaging. ATP reversibly increased [Ca2+]i in crypt base cells with an EC50 of 4.5 μmol/l (n = 11). This [Ca2+]i increase was composed of an initial peak, reflecting intracellular store release, and a secondary plateau phase reflecting transmembrane influx. Digital video imaging revealed that agonist-induced [Ca2+]i elevations were most marked at the crypt base. In the middle part of the crypt ATP induced smaller increases of [Ca2+]i (peak and plateau) as compared to basal cells and in surface cells this [Ca2+]i transient was even further reduced. Attempts to identify the relevant P2-receptor demonstrated the following rank order of potency: 2MeS-ATP 〉 ADP ≥ ATP 〉〉 AMP 〉 UTP 〉 AMP-PCP 〉 adenosine. In Ussing chamber experiments ATP (1 mmol/l) functioned as a secretagogue, increasing transepithelial voltage (V te) and equivalent short-circuit current (I sc): ΔI sc = –36.4 ± 5.4 μA/cm2, n = 17. Adenosine itself (1 mmol/l) induced an increase of I sc of similar magnitude to that induced by ATP: ΔI sc = –55.1 ± 8.4 μA/cm2, n = 9. The effect of adenosine, but not that of ATP, was fully inhibited by the A1/A2-receptor antagonist 8-(p-sulphophenyl)theophylline, 0.5 mmol/l, n = 4. Together these data indicate that: (1) basolateral ATP induces [Ca2+]i in isolated rat colonic crypts and acts as a secretagogue in the distal rat colon; (2) a basolateral P2Y-receptor is responsible for this ATP-induced NaCl secretion; (3) the ability of ATP to increase I sc in Ussing chamber experiments is not mediated via adenosine; and (4) the agonist-induced [Ca2+]i signals are mostly located in the crypt base, which is the secretory part of the colonic crypt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00008079
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator attenuates the endogenous Ca2+ activated Cl– conductance of Xenopus oocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 435 (1997), S. 178-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words CFTR ; Ca2+ ; Chloride channels ; Ionomycin ; Xenopus oocytes ; CF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Oocytes from Xenopus laevis activate a Ca2+ dependent Cl– conductance when exposed to the Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin. This Ca2+ activated Cl– conductance (CaCC) is strongly outwardly rectifying and has a halide conductivity ratio (GI– / GCl–) of about 4.4. This is in contrast to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR)-Cl– conductance, which produces more linear I/V curves with a GI– / GCl– ratio of about 0.52. Ionomycin enhanced CaCC (ΔG) in water injected and CFTR expressing ooyctes in the absence of 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, 1 mmol/l) by (μS) 23 ± 1.9 (n=9) and 23.6 ± 2.3 (n=11). Stimulation by IBMX did not change CaCC in water injected oocytes. CaCC was inhibited in CFTR-expressing ooyctes after stimulation with IBMX or a membrane permeable form of cAMP and was only 5.1 ± 0.48 μS (n=18) and 6.9 ± 0.6 (n=3), respectively. Inhibition of CaCC was correlated to the amount of CFTR-current activated by IBMX. ΔF508-CFTR which demonstrates only a small residual function in activating a cAMP dependent Cl– channel in oocytes inhibited CaCC to a lesser degree (ΔG=12.1 ± 1.1 μS; n=7). Changes of CFTR and CaCC-Cl– whole cell conductances were also measured when extracellular Cl– was replaced by I–. The results confirmed the reduced activation of CaCC in the presence of activated CFTR. No evidence was found for inhibition of CFTR-currents by increase of intracellular Ca2+. Moreover, intracellular cAMP was not changed by ionomycin and stimulation by IBMX did not change the ionomycin induced Ca2+ increase in Xenopus oocytes. Taken together, these results suggest that activation of CFTR-Cl– currents is paralleled by an inhibition of Ca2+ activated Cl– currents in ooyctes of Xenopus laevis. These results provide another example for CFTR-dependent regulation of membrane conductances other than cAMP-dependent Cl– conductance. They might explain previous findings in epithelial tissues of CF-knockout mice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050498
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activates water conductance in Xenopus oocytes (1997)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 434 (1997), S. 841-847 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words wtCFTR ; Water channels ; Chloride channels ; Glibenclamide ; Xenopus oocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Multiple properties have been attributed to the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), the gene product which is mutated in cystic fibrosis (CF). In this context it has been reported that CFTR transports water. In the present study we demonstrate that expression of wild-type CFTR (wtCFTR) in Xenopus oocytes and then stimulation by 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX, 1 mmol/l) activates a Cl–conductance and, in parallel, a water conductance, as measured by a volume increase gravimetrically. In water-injected control oocytes or oocytes expressing a mutant form of CFTR (G551D-CFTR) IBMX had very little effect on Cl–conductance and no effect on water conductance. Phloretin (350 μmol/l) and p-chloromercuri-benzene sulphonate (pCMBS, 1 mmol/l) inhibited water transport but did not inhibit Cl–currents when measured in double-electrode voltage-clamp experiments. In contrast, glibenclamide (100 μmol/l) inhibited wtCFTR Cl–conductance but did not inhibit water conductance in IBMX-stimulated oocytes. Moreover, gravimetric and [14C]glycerol uptake measurements indicated enhanced glycerol uptake by wtCFTR-expressing oocytes after stimulation with IBMX. Enhanced glycerol uptake could be inhibited by phloretin and pCMBS but not by glibenclamide. Taken together, the data suggest that activation of wtCFTR by an increase of intracellular cAMP is paralleled by the activation of a gylcerol-permeable water conductance. Both water and Cl–conductive pathways can be inhibited differentially. Thus, water permeation through wtCFTR probably occurs at a site of CFTR which is spatially apart from the domain responsible for Cl–conductance, or CFTR might be a regulator of an endogenous water channel in oocytes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050473
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antidiuretic hormone acts via V1 receptors on intracellular calcium in the isolated perfused rabbit cortical thick ascending limb (1991)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 417 (1991), S. 622-632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: ADH ; V1 receptor ; dDAVP ; Intracellular Ca2+ ; Fura-2 ; In vitro microperfusion ; Rabbit kidney ; Cortical thick ascending limb
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of antidiuretic hormone ([Arg]vasopressin, ADH) on intracellular calcium activity [Ca2+]i of isolated perfused rabbit cortical thick ascending limb (cTAL) segments was investigated with the calcium fluorescent dye fura-2. The fluorescence emission ratio at 500–530 nm (R) was monitored as a measure of [Ca2+]i after excitation at 335 nm and 380 nm. In addition the transepithelial potential difference (PD te) and transepithelial resistance (R te) of the tubule were measured simultaneously. After addition of ADH (1–4 nmol/l) to the basolateral side of the cTAL R increased rapidly, but transiently, from 0.84±0.05 to 1.36±0.08 (n = 46). Subsequently, within 7–12 min R fell to control values even in the continued presence of ADH. The increase in R evoked by the ADH application corresponded to a rise of [Ca2+]i from a basal level of 155±23 nmol/l [Ca2+]i up to 429±53 nmol/l [Ca2+]i at the peak of the transient, as estimated by intra- or extracellular calibration procedures. The electrical parameters (PD te and R te) of the tubules were not changed by ADH. The ADH-induced Ca2+ transient was dependent on the presence of Ca2+ on the basolateral side, whereas luminal Ca2+ had no effect. d(CH2)5[Tyr(Me)2]2,Arg8vasopressin, a V1 antagonist (Manning compound, 10 nmol/l), blocked the ADH effect on [Ca2+]i completely (n = 5). The V2 agonist 1-desamino-[d-Arg8]vasopressin (10 nmol/l, n=4), and the cAMP analogues, dibutyryl-cAMP (400 μmol/l, n = 4), 8-(4-chlorophenylthio)-cAMP (100 μmol/l, n = 1) or 8-bromo-cAMP (200 μmol/1, n = 4) had no influence on [Ca2+]i. The ADH-induced [Ca2+]i increase was not sensitive to the calcium-channel blockers nifedipine and verapamil (100 μmol/l, n = 4). We conclude that ADH acts via V1 receptors to increase cytosolic calcium activity transiently in rabbit cortical thick ascending limb segments, possibly by an initial Ca2+ release from intracellular stores and by further Ca2+ influx through Ca2+ channels in the basolateral membrane. These channels are insensitive to L-type Ca2+ channel blockers, e.g. nifedipine and verapamil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00372961
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No evidence for cell-to-cell coupling in rat colonic crypts: studies with Lucifer Yellow and with photobleaching (1998)
    Springer
    Pflügers Archiv 436 (1998), S. 83-89 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2013
    Keywords: Key words Colon ; Cell-to-cell coupling ; Lucifer Yellow ; Rat colonic crypt ; Gap junction ; Exocrine secretion ; Fluorescence recovery after photobleaching
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Epithelial cells of exocrine glands (pancreas, lacrimal glands, salivary glands, sweat glands and gastric glands) are intimately linked together by gap junctions. Due to this close junctional coupling exocrine secretion occurs as the well concerted effort of a cell population. Colonic crypts have, on the one hand, anatomical and functional properties resembling those of exocrine glands (mostly crypt base cells) and, on the other hand, properties of absorbing cells (mostly surface cells). In the mid-crypt, depending on the functional status, absorption and secretion can occur. The present study was aimed at examining whether rat distal colonic crypt cells co-ordinate their functional status by cell-to-cell coupling. Two types of measurements were performed: as an independent assessment of cell viability the membrane voltage (V m) was measured with the fast whole-cell patch-clamp technique; to investigate cellular coupling simultaneously Lucifer Yellow (LY) (mol. wt. 443) distribution was visualized using digital video imaging. LY (500 μmol/l) was included into the patch pipette filling solution. The recorded V m was –73.4±2.3 mV in crypt base cells (n=15), –63.7±2.1 mV in mid-crypt cells (n=17) and –52.3±2.9 mV in crypt surface cells. All cells tested reversibly responded to carbachol (100 μmol/l) with a persistent hyperpolarization, as previously shown. Activation of Cl- secretion by elevation of the cAMP concentration with forskolin (5 μmol/l) led to a reversible depolarization. Throughout the duration of each individual experiment [mean experimental time in basal cells: 18.3±2.5 min (n=15), in mid-crypt cells: 19.6±3.4 min (n=17) and in crypt surface cells: 11.7±3.4 min (n=13)] LY dye distribution was solely confined to the patched cell. In addition bleaching of calcein fluorescence in laser scan microscopy was not followed by dye back diffusion, whereas this was clearly the case in pancreatic acini (n=5). These data indicate that colonic crypt cells are not coupled by gap junctions under resting conditions or in the presence of secretagogues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004240050607
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