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  • 1
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: AM1 ; Conformational analysis ; Hexahydrotetrazine ; Tetrahydrodioxadiazine ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Experimenteller Test der Strukturvorhersagen semiempirischer Methoden: Bis(1,2-dioxa-4,6-diazacycloheptano) [4′,5′,6′: 1,6,5]-[4″,5″,6″: 2,3,4]-1,2,4,5-tetraazacyclohexan; Ein 7:6:7-tricyclisches System, das von der AM1-Methode korrekt als stabiler als sein 6:6:6-tricyclisches Isomer beschrieben wirdDas aus Hydrazinsulfat, Formaldehyd und Wasserstoffperoxid entstehende tricyclische Kondensationsprodukt 3a, dessen 7:6:7-Struktur bereits früher durch Röntgenstrukturanalyse bestimmt wurde, liegt laut NMR-spektroskopischen Untersuchungen in Lösung als Konformerengemisch aus 3a und 3b vor. Aus AM1- Rechnungen ergibt sich, daß die beiden 7:6:7-Strukturen 3a und 3b nahezu energiegleich und stabiler sind als die 6:6:6-Isomeren 2a, 2b und 2c. MNDO sagt die umgekehrte Stabilität voraus [ΔHf(2) 〈 ΔHf(3)]. Durch AM1-Berechnungen von Modellverbindungen, die in den tricyclischen Systemen als Untereinheiten enthalten sind, wird gezeigt, daß für die relativen Energieunterschiede drei wesentliche Einflüsse verantwortlich sind: a) Die 1,3-Wechselwirkung nichtbindender Elektronenpaare in den 6:6:6-Systemen,b) die Ringspannung der zentralen Tetraazacyclohexan-Einheit der 7:6:7-Systeme und c) die günstigen sterischen Voraussetzungen zur konformativen Stabilisierung des 7:6:7-Systems durch den anomeren Effekt.
    Notes: The condensation product 3a of hydrazine sulfate, formaldehyde, and hydrogen peroxide, for which the tricyclic 7:6:7-ring structure 3a was previously established for the solid state by X-ray analysis, exists as a mixture of conformations 3a and 3b in solution. AM1 calculations show the two 7:6:7-tricyclic conformers 3a and 3b to be of approximately equal energy, and substantially lower in energy than the three isomeric 6:6:6-perhydroheteroanthracene conformers 2a, 2b and 2c. By contrast, analogous MNDO calculations predicted that the perhydroanthracene analog conformers 2, should be more stable than 3 [ΔHf(2) 〈 ΔHf(3)]. AM1 calculations of model compounds, containing various subunits of the tricyclic systems, demonstrate that three significant factors are responsible for the relative energies: a) The 1,3-lone pair repulsions in the 6:6:7 system. b) The ring strain of the central tetra-aza unit in the 7:6:7 system. c) The advantageous energetic consequences of the anomeric effect in the stable conformation of the 7:6:7 system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: N-glycosylation was measured in wild-type cell lysates of Dictyostelium discoideum and in two mutant strains that synthesize a truncated lipid-linked oligosaccharide, Man6GlcNAc2 lacking terminal mannose and glucose residues. Endogenous lipid-linked oligosaccharide (LLO) was transferred to octanoyl-Asn-[125I]Tyr-ThrNH2 by membranes fractions. About 50% of the glycopeptide product remained associated with membranes. Taurocholate and saponin promoted and preserved glycosylation, but NP-40 and Triton X-100 did not.Using this artificial assay, the rate and extent of transfer of the truncated lipid-linked oligosaccharide in extracts of the two mutant strains, HL241 and HL243, was reduced 5-10-fold relative to that of wild-type. The low activity found in the mutant strains appears to result from either reduced affinity of the truncated LLO for the transferase or from its improper topological localization in the membrane.When protein N-glycosylation is measured in living cells it is nearly normal in HL241, but it is 3-4-fold decreased in HL243. Although the results of the in vitro and in vivo assays differ, they are not in conflict. Rather, they suggest that the static in vitro assay may be capable of revealing subtleties in the productive positioning of LLO and the oligosaccharyl transferase. The decrease in glycosylation seen in intact HL243 cells may be a consequence of the pleiotropic effects of the primary mutation rather than a direct result of the altered LLO structure. Genetic analysis showed that the mutation in HL241 is recessive, while the mutation in HL243 is dominant and prevents normal development. Thus, the two mutants share a lesion in lipid-linked oligosaccharide biosynthesis and in cell-free glycosylation, but differ in their in vivo glycosylation. Their primary defects are probably different.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 38 (1988), S. 113-116 
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: sulfated macromolecules ; slime moulds ; N-acetylglucosaminidase ; alpha-mannosidase ; beta-glucosidase ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Western blotting and immunoprecipitation data indicated that lysosomal enzymes represent a subset of the sulfated macromolecules present in vegetative Dictyostelium discoideum amoebae and account for less than 2.5% of the total sulfate incorporated during vegetative growth. These data suggest that the majority of the highly sulfated macromolecules of vegetative D. discoideum amoebae are not related to the lysosomal enzymes.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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