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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: ATPase ; Plasma membrane ; Pyrophosphatase ; Ricinus (solute transport) ; Sucrose transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A highly enriched plasma membrane fraction has been isolated from dark-grown cotyledons ofRicinus communis by phase partitioning. This is demonstrated by the properties of the associated ATPase: high vanadate sensitivity, azide and nitrate insensitivity, sharp pH optimum around 6.5, and high specificity for ATP as substrate. The upper plasma membrane fraction also contained a pyrophosphatase activity, normally considered to be located on the tonoplast or Golgi membranes, which showed a specific activity higher than that in the lower phase. Sucrose gradient centrifugation of both microsomal and upper phase fractions showed a comigration of some pyrophosphatase activity with the plasma membrane fraction. Sucrose uptake changes with development inRicinus cotyledons. The ATPase activity in the upper (plasma membrane) phase also varied in a similar way with development, whereas activity in the lower phase showed little change. Pyrophosphatase activity in the upper phase also increased with development but did not show a peak and fall as seen for sucrose uptake and ATPase. The possibility that changes in plasma membrane ATPase may contribute to changes in sucrose uptake capacity and the possible cellular origin and physiological significance of the pyrophosphatase activity are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Protoplasma 165 (1991), S. 27-36 
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: ATPase ; Cerium ; Cytochemistry ; Fixation ; Zea mays roots ; Plasma membrane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The cytochemical localization of ATPase activity has been investigated in maize root cells using both lead and cerium-based capture methods. With both methods, staining at the plasma membrane was observed in all cells of the root, although the precipitate obtained with cerium was more uniform and granular than that with lead. Controls using no substrate or no magnesium, β-glycerophosphate to replace ATP, vanadate or boiled tissue generally showed little or no staining. However, biochemical studies on purified plasma membrane fractions showed that ATPase activity was markedly inhibited by fixation, particularly by glutaraldehyde, and also by lead and cerium ions. Non-enzymic hydrolysis of ATP by cerium was greater than that by lead. The value and limitations of these procedures for the localization of plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity are summarized in relation to previous criticisms of these methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 13 (1969), S. 2085-2096 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(vinyl fluoride) (Tedlar), polystyrene, nylon 6, poly(ethylene terephthalate) (Mylar), polycarbonate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and a poly(oxymethylene) copolymer were treated with activated helium and with activated oxygen. Mechanical strengths of adhesive-bonded specimens prepared from treated and from untreated coupons were compared. Polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) showed the greatest increases in bond strength. Oxygen and helium were both effective with polyethylene, but polypropylene showed no improvement when treated with activated helium. The results with excited helium parallel the effects of ionizing radiation on these two polymers, as does the appearance of unsaturation bands in the infrared (965 cm-1 in PE, and 887 and 910 cm-1 in PP). Active nitrogen produced excellent bond strength with polyethylene but not with polypropylene. Of the remaining polymers examined, Tedlar, polystyrene, and nylon 6 showed the greatest improvement in bondability after treatment, and Mylar showed moderate improvement. Polycarbonate, cellulose acetate butyrate, and the poly(oxymethylene) copolymer gave approximately two-fold increases in lap-shear bond strength. In several cases, significant differences in response to time of treatment and type of excited gas were found.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 16 (1972), S. 1465-1477 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The bondability of the following polymers as a function of length of exposure to excited helium or oxygen was investigated: low-density polyethylene, high-density polyethylene (two types), poly(4-methyl-1-pentene), poly(vinyl fluoride), poly(vinylidene fluoride), FEP Teflon, poly(oxymethylene) copolymer, nylon 6, nylon 66, poly(ethylene terephthalate), and polystyrene. Generally, the bond strength increase rapidly initially and then remains nearly constant, perhaps decreasing in some cases at long exposure times. A method is presented for calculating bond strength-versus-exposure time curves. The calculated curves generally fit the data reasonably well. Polypropylene showed a rapid increase in bondability with exposure to excited oxygen. Helium was ineffective toward this polymer under normal conditions, but could produce good bond strength at higher temperatures.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Several studies of the influence of contact resistance on the measurement of thermal conductivity of polystyrene using a steady-state device are presented. In each case it is seen that, although this influence can perhaps be minimized, it cannot be eliminated as an experimental complication. A novel technique is then described which does eliminate entirely contact resistance as a variable, and this technique is shown to yield an unequivocal value of thermal conductivity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 19 (1981), S. 1357-1360 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 1,3-Butadiene was polymerized anionically to polybutadiene which contained up to 100% 1,2-addition product. The atactic 100% 1,2-polybutadiene was prepared with n-butyllithium modified with bis piperidino ethane. The polymerization was done in hexane solvent at -5 to +20°C polymerization temperature.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 57 (1962), S. 693-709 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Carbon blacks inhibit and retard free radical polymerization in bulk and solution. The mechanism of this is discussed in terms of the chemical groups present on the carbon surface. It is shown that the number of free radicals which react during the induction period (polymerization of styrene with AIBN) is much less than the number of quinone groups but of the same order of magnitude as the number of easily oxidizable groups. Inhibition by carbon black was also found in an emulsion polymerization system with cumene hydroperoxide as initiator (no reducing components). By use of highly active redox recipes, reasonable rates of polymerization were obtained at both 50°C. (sugar-iron-hydroperoxide recipe) and 5°C. (peroxide-polyamine recipe), with as much as 40 parts of black per 100 parts of monomers. In these systems, the carbon black was charged as an aqueous dispersion stabilized with Daxad 11; the latices were stable and showed evidence of association between some of the carbon black and some of the latex particles. The coagulated rubber stocks, when compounded and cured, gave properties closely similar to those of dry mixed stocks.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Letters 4 (1966), S. 463-465 
    ISSN: 0449-2986
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0449-2951
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A study has been carried out on the molecular weights and their distribution for polystyrene prepared by means of ethyl and butyl lithium initiators, using benzene and tetrahydrofuran as solvents. Stringent high vacuum techniques were employed in order to minimize any destruction of initiator or termination of growing chains in these anionic polymerizations. Under these conditions, it was found that the stoichiometry corresponded to the formation of one chain from each initiator molecule. Furthermore, the molecular weight distribution could be made very narrow (M̄w/M̄n = 1.05 - 1.1) in these cases, where the initiation reaction was very rapid compared to the propagation step. In the case of the benzene systems, the initiation reaction was too slow, leading to a broadening of the molecular weight distribution, and this could be circumvented by a “seeding” technique whereby all the chain anions were pre-initiated before the main polymerization took place. The alkyl lithium initiators were found to react rapidly with THF at room temperature, but the styryl lithium apparently did not.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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