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An electromyographic method for the assessment of naloxone-induced abstinence in morphine-dependent rats (1980)

Menon, M. Krishna ; Tseng, Liang-Fu ; Loh, Horace H. ; [et al.]

Springer

Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 312 (1980), S. 43-49

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ISSN: 1432-1912

Keywords: Morphine ; Naloxone ; Electromyograph ; Abstinence signs ; Myoclonic twitch activity ; Mastication ; “Wet-dog” shakes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Medicine

Notes: Summary The electromyographic (EMG) activities of suprahyoideal muscle were recorded to measure naloxone-precipitated abstinence signs in morphine-dependent rats anesthetized with urethane (1 g/kg). Rats were rendered dependent on morphine by implanting 2 morphine pellets (75 mg each) and abstinence signs were induced by intravenous injections of various doses of naloxone at different times after pellet implantation. Three precipitated abstinence signs, a) myoclonic twitch activity (MTA), b) mastication, and c) body shakes were observed on EMG recordings after the injection of naloxone. Of these symptoms, only the MTA induced by naloxone (10 μg/kg) occurred 4 h after pellet implantation and its sensitivity to naloxone increased with prolonged pellet implantation. Both mastication and precipitated shakes could be induced at 24 h. However, higher doses of naloxone were required to produce the shakes than is required to induce mastication. There appears to be a positive correlation between the intensity of naloxone-induced MTA and the degree of physical dependence on morphine. Since the MTA and mastication can be induced by low doses of naloxone in morphine-dependent rats, we suggest that these two parameters may be used to detect morphine abstinence signs in this species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00502573

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Separation of fine particle dispersions using periodic flows in a spining coiled tube (1986)

Papanu, J. S. ; Adler, R. J. ; Gorensek, M. B. ; [et al.]

Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell

AIChE Journal 32 (1986), S. 798-808

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ISSN: 0001-1541

Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: A centrifugal method for fractionating fine (〈10 μm) particles by size and/or density is described. Periodic, bidirectional flow through a continuously spinning coiled tube splits fine particle suspensions into two fractions. Proof-of-principle experiments with zeolite powder have demonstrated successful concentration of aqueous dispersions.

Additional Material: 13 Ill.