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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen-fixing potential of Acacia mangium and Acacia auriculiformis seedlings inoculated with Bradyrhizobium and Rhizobium spp. (1990)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 9 (1990), S. 261-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Acacia mangium ; Acacia auriculiformis ; Bradyrhizobium spp. ; Rhizobium spp. ; Nitrogen fixation ; Nodule efficiency ; Tree legumes ; Agroforestry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Two Australian Acacia species, A. mangium and A. auriculiformis were inoculated in vitro with eight strains of Bradyrhizobium spp. and two strains of Rhizobium spp. On the two plant species, only Bradyrhizobium spp. strains formed effective N2-fixing nodules. A. mangium, which nodulates effectively with a restricted range of Bradyrhizobium spp. strains, is a specific host compared to A. auriculiformis. A. auriculiformis is assumed to be a promiscuous host because it nodulates effectively with a wide range of Bradyrhizobium spp. strains. Nodule efficiency as expressed by the ratio of N2 fixed to nodule dry weight appeared to be higher in A. auriculiformis (0.44–0.81) than in A. mangium (0.23–0.55).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336237
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen fixation by trees in relation to soil nitrogen economy (1995)
    Springer
    Nutrient cycling in agroecosystems 42 (1995), S. 215-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0867
    Keywords: Bradyrhizobium ; clonal selection ; Frankia ; inoculation ; nitrogen-fixing trees ; Rhizobium ; soil nitrogen economy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The N2-fixing potential (NFP) (i.e. the amount of fixed N2 in a constraint-free environment) of N2-fixing trees (NFTs) varies with the genotype. The NFP can be higher than 30-50 g N2 fixed tree−1 year−1 in the most active species, be they leguminous trees such asAlbizia lebbeck, Gliricidia sepium andLeucaena leucocephala, or actinorhizal trees such asCasuarina equisetifolia. The actual amount of nitrogen fixed (ANF) (i.e. the amount of N2 fixed in the field) is lower than the NFP or even nil because of various constraints, especially drought, nutrient deficiencies, excess of available N and pathogenic nematodes. As tree litters are mineralized, the amount of available N in the soil increases with time, this process leading to the cessation of N2 fixation in aging plantations. When the mineralization rate is slowed down or inhibited, N2 fixation can continue. NFTs improve the N status of soils, but the transfer of fixed N to associated plants is not always ensured. Three main approaches are appropriate to increase N2 fixation: clonal selection of trees combined with vegetative propagation, inoculation with effective rhizobium orFrankia strains, and proper fertilization (especially P). In the absence of major environmental constraints, a positive response to inoculation is expected only when specific (non-promiscuous) NFTs are grown in sites where the density of compatible rhizobia is low or nil. The potentialities of NFTs are far from being fully exploited. Further investigations are proposed and the economics of NFT management is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00750516
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Response of field-grownCasuarina equisetifolia to inoculation withFrankia strain ORS 021001 entrapped in alginate beads (1989)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 118 (1989), S. 133-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Casuarina equisetifolia ; Frankia ; alginate beads ; N2 fixation ; Sénégal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract A large scale field experiment (ca 1 ha) was carried out in Senegal, to evaluate the response ofCasuarina equisetifolia to inoculation withFrankia strain ORS 021001 entrapped in alginate beads. Biomasses (expressed as dry weight or total nitrogen) of assimilatory branchlets, wood and roots, and nodules were measured in uninoculated and inoculated trees, randomly sampled 1,2 and 3 years after transplantation in the field. When biomasses were expressed as dry weight, increases due to inoculation were similar at the three sampling dates, 45, 36 and 40%, respectively. When biomasses were expressed as total nitrogen, the response to inoculation with time was much higher in the 2nd year than in the 1st and 3rd year. N2 fixation, estimated using the difference method reached 2.48, 12.25 and 13.44 g N2 fixed annually per tree. Correspondingly, nodule dry weights, expressed in g per tree, were 2.5, 12.18 and 22.75 at the end of the 1 st, 2nd and 3rd year, respectively. In spite of the positive response of field-grownCasuarina equisetifolia to inoculation, the decrease of N2 fixation observed in the third year was probably due to unfavorable climatic conditions coupled with insect attacks at the beginning of the third year.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02232798
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In vitro production of specialized reproductive torulose hyphae byFrankia strain ORS 021001 isolated fromCasuarina junghuhniana root nodules (1985)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 87 (1985), S. 17-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Actinorhiza ; Activated charcoal effect ; Casuarina endophytes ; Frankia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary AFrankia strain (ORS 021001) isolated fromCasuarina junghuhniana root nodules was shown to produce four type of structuresin vitro: vegetative hyphae, sporangiospores within sporangia, N2-fixing vesicles, and a fourth type of structure which is described in detail in this report. Structures of this latter type which we propose to call ‘reproductive torulose hyphae: (RTH) result from enlargement and multiple segmentation of vegetative hyphae into torulose chaions of spore-like cells. RTH differ from sporangia in three major aspects: morphology, morphogenesis and outgrowth. RTH play an important role in survival and reproduction ofFrankia strain ORS 021001. Adding activated charcoal to the nutrient medium promotes the formation ofFrankia colonies orginating from RTH.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02277644
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inoculant made of encapsulated Frankia: assessment of Frankia growth within alginate beads (1994)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 10 (1994), S. 118-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Keywords: Alginate beads ; encapsulation ; Frankia ; inoculants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The growth of Frankia cells within alginate beads was inhibited when the amount encapsulated exceeded 0.5 to 2.5 μg protein/ml of beads. Frankia growth was observed not only in the beads incubated in nutrient media (with of without combined N), but also in those incubated in air provided they retained enough nutrients. The results allow some recommendations to be made for the preparation of Frankia inoculants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00357578
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