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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acetyl-levo-carnitine protects against MPTP-induced parkinsonism in primates (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of neural transmission 3 (1991), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1463
    Keywords: Acetyl-levo-carnitine (ALC), MPTP ; primate ; parkinsonism ; dopaminergic ; cellular protection ; mitochondrion ; electrophysiology ; histochemistry ; catecholamines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Acetyl-levo-carnitine (ALC) protects against 1-methyl, 4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced toxicity in the nonhuman primate. ALC pretreated monkeys do not show signs of parkinsonism or electroretinographic changes typical of dopaminergic deficiency when given MPTP. In addition, pilot neurochemical and morphological data confirm a partial protection effect. While MAO-B inhibitors, like L-Deprenyl, are thought to protect dopaminergic neurons from MPTP-induced cell death by preventing the conversion of MPTP to its toxic metabolite MPP+, ALC is not known to have MAO-B affnity. Converging evidence suggests that ALC may affect directly mitochondrial respiration, which is known to be the target of MPP+ and affected in human neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson's disease. The results of this study point to new therapeutic avenues for the treatment of these nosologic entities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02251137
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synapses between interneurons in the lateral geniculate nucleus of monkeys (1976)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 25 (1976), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Interneurons ; Lateral geniculate nucleus ; Monkeys ; Synaptic arrangements ; Quantitative morphology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Electron microscopic examination of the monkey lateral geniculate nucleus, pars dorsalis (LGNd) reveals the occurrence of synaptic contacts between profiles belonging to interneurons (I-cells). Almost all combinations are observed, namely, axodendritic, dendrodendritic, dendrosomatic and somatodendritic, the most frequent being the dendrodentritic synapses between the presynaptic dendrites characteristic of I-cells. Quantitative analysis of 5 samples, each consisting of 200 μm2 of net LGNd neuropil, shows that presynaptic membrane specializations present in I-cell axonal and dendritic elements amount to a mean of 3.73 μm or 8.16 % of the surface of such profiles. Only 61% of this extent is in contact with principal cells (P-cells), and an unexpectedly high 39% engages other I-cell elements. Approximately 18% of the neuropil is occupied by I-cell profiles. A tentative segregation of axonal and dendritic endings revealed the following significant mean differences: dendritic terminals are more numerous and larger; axonal profiles have more of their surface occupied by synaptic sites and each contact is longer. Findings suggest the existence of a network of interconnected interneurons which are presumably inhibitory in nature. Such an arrangement can provide a certain measure of anisotropic disinhibition which may be responsible for specific transformations occurring in the LGNd depending upon the size and velocity of the stimulus as well as of the degree of synchronicity of temporal patterns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237322
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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