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  • Chemistry  (14)
  • Hyposoter didymator  (2)
  • Aconitum heterophyllum  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competitive interaction between Cotesia kazak and Hyposoter didymator, exotic parasitoids of Heliothis armigera (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 46 (1988), S. 221-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Competitive interaction ; parasitoids ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Ichneumonidae ; Cotesia kazak ; Hyposoter didymator ; Heliothis armigera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les interactions liées à la compétition entre deux parasitoïdes introduits d'H. armigera, le braconide C. kazak et l'ichneumonide H. didymator ont été examinées au laboratoire pour évaluer leur efficacité dans la nature. Séparément, C. kazak et H. didymator ont parasité respectivement 55% et 58% des chenilles d'H. armigera, et en combinaison, par multiparasitisme, 75%. Dans toutes les combinaisons de superparasitisme, après 24 h d'exposition, C. kazak a réduit de plus de 69% l'action de H. didymator. En plus de la mortalité des hôtes liées au succès du parasitisme, une mortalité larvaire élevée (23%) a été observée dans les cas de multiparasitisme, contre 10% avec parasitisme par une espèce. Cependant, quelle que soit la combinaison, la durée de développement de chacune des espèces n'a pas été modifiée. Puisque H. didymator s'est révélé intrinsèquement inférieur, il est suggéré de la lâcher le premier. C. kazak est un parasitoïde valable pour des libérations, là où déplacement compétitif de l'autre parasite n'est pas réalisé ou délibérément nécessaire.
    Notes: Abstract Competitive interaction between two introduced parasitoids of Heliothis armigera (Hb.) i.e. the braconid Cotesia kazak Telenga and the ichneumonid Hyposoter didymator (Thunb.) was studied in the laboratory. C. kazak and H. didymator individually parasitized about 55% H. armigera larvae, the combination of the two parasitoids gave more than 75% parasitism. C. kazak was found to be more effective, when the host was exposed to both parasitoids at the same time, reduced H. didymator population by 69% to 24 h. It is, therefore, better to release these two parasitoids individually in different locations to avoid any possible competitive interaction between the two. No difference in developmental time was observed irrespective of parasitoid sequence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364192
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from callus cultures of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall (1993)
    Springer
    Plant cell, tissue and organ culture 32 (1993), S. 213-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5044
    Keywords: Aconitum heterophyllum ; endangered medicinal plant ; somatic embryogenesis ; regeneration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plants were obtained via somatic embryogenesis in callus derived from in vitro raised leaf and petiole explants of Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. Callus was induced on a Murashige-Skoog medium supplemented with either 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-d 1 mg l-1) and kinetin (KN 0.5 mg l-1) with coconut water (CW 10% v/v) or naphthalene acetic acid (NAA 5 mg l-1) and benzylaminopurine (BAP 1 mg l-1). Somatic embryos appeared after 2–3 months or 2 subculture passages when 2,4-d or NAA induced source of the callus was transferred to a MS medium containing BAP (1 mg l-1) and NAA (0.1 mg l-1). For successful plantlet formation, the somatic embryos were transferred to a medium containing 1/4 strength MS nutrient with indole-3-butyric acid (IBA 1 mg l-1). Alternatively, the somatic embryos were dipped in a concentrated solution of IBA for 5 min and placed on a hormone free medium. Complete plantlets were formed after 4 weeks and were transferred successfully to soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00029845
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on polymerization of vinyl acetate using ylide as an initiator and degradative transfer agent (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 807-815 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by β-picolinium p-chlorophenacylide was carried out at 30, 35, and 40°C, using conventional dilatometric technique. The initiator and the monomer exponent values were 0.80 ± 0.15 and unity, respectively. The polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone, but was favored by nonpolar solvent and polymerization temperature. The energy of activation was 90.3 KJ mol-1. An average value of kp2/kt for the present system was found to be 0.37 × 10-2. The results are explained in terms of a radical mode of polymerization with degradative initiator transfer; the principal mode of termination, however, was bimolecular.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270306
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on polymerization of vinyl acetate using ylide as an initiator and degradative transfer agent (1989)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 27 (1989), S. 43-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The polymerization of vinyl acetate initiated by β-picolinium-p-chlorophenacylide was carried out at 30, 35, and 40°C, using the conventional dilatometric technique. The initiator and the monomer exponent values were 0.80 ± 0.15 and unity, respectively. The polymerization was inhibited in the presence of hydroquinone, but was favored by nonpolar solvent and polymerization temperature. The energy of activation was 90.3 kJ mol-1. An average value of kp2/kt for the present system was found to be 0.37 × 10-2 L mol-1 s-1. The results are explained in terms of radical mode of polymerization with degradative initiator transfer; the principal mode of termination, however, was biomolecular.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1989.080270104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gibberellic acid by solid state fermentation: Consistent and improved yields (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 30 (1987), S. 267-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Five strains each of Gibberella fujikuroi and Fusarium monoliforme were screened to select G. fujikuroi P-3, a strain capable of giving consistent production of gibberellic acid (GA3) by solid state fermentation (SSF). The comparative production of GA3 by SSF and submerged fermentation (SmF) indicated better productivity with the former technique. The accumulation of GA3 was 1.626 times higher in the case of SSF. On the basis of available carbohydrates in the media, the percent conversions were 0.096 and 0.156 in SmF and SSF, respectively. The use of coarse wheat bran of the particle size of 0.3-0.4 cm resulted in an increase of 2.5 times in the yield of GA3. The enrichment of commercial wheat bran with soluble starch gave enhanced accumulation to an extent of 3.5 times. The relation between GA3 production and cell growth in SSF was similar to that encountered in SmF. The consistent and improved yields to a tune of 1.22 g GA3 per kilogram dry moldy bran (DMB) establish the potential and feasibility of SSF for the production of GA3 by G. fujikuroi P-3. On preliminary cost analysis, a net savings of about 60% and 50% on fermentation medium cost and the expenditure on down-stream processing, respectively, as compared to the presently employed SmF technique was evident.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260300217
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the isomeric distribution and associated impurities in commercial diethylbenzenes by capillary gas chromatography (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Capillary gas chromatography ; Diethylbenzenes analysis, C10 aromatics analysis ; Retention indices ; Carbowax-1540 ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A capillary gas chromatographic method for the quantitative analysis of diethylbenzene fractions is described. Estimation of ortho-, meta- and para-isomers and other C9 and C10 aromatic impurities is covered. The conditions developed involve the use of a capillary column of Carbowax-1540 (300 feet × 0.01 inch) under isothermal operation. The retention index data for a number of aromatics are presented at four temperatures (90, 100, 110 and 120°C). The method offers a good choice for any level of concentration both for isomers and impurities commonly encountered within a reasonable analysis time.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240031003
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of parasitism byHyposoter didymator [Hym.: Ichneumonidae] on food consumption and utilization bySpodoptera litura [Lep.: Noctuidae] (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 197-203 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Hyposoter didymator ; Spodoptera litura ; food consumption ; utilization ; Hyposoter didymator ; Spodoptera litura ; consommation alimentaire ; effet du parasitisme
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'incidence du parasitisme d'Hyposoter didymator sur la consommation et l'utilisation des aliments parSpodoptera litura a été étudiée pendant la période de 7 jours correspondant à la vie préimaginale du parasitoïde. La consommation alimentaire, le gain de poids et les faeces produites deviennent significativement plus faibles chez les larves parasitées que chez les larves saines au-delà du 4e jour de parasitisme. La digestibilité (valeur approchée) devient significativement plus élevée chez les larves parasitées au-delà du 2e jour de parasitisme. Le taux de transformation des aliments ingérés ou des aliments digérés en masse corporelle devient plus élevé chez les larves parasitée après le deuxième jour de parasitisme. Le lâcher de parasitoïdes semble être immédiatement avantageux pour la culture du fait de la diminution de la consommation alimentaire de la chenille.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of parasitism byHyposoter didymator (Thunb.) [Hym.: Ichneumonidae] on food consumption and utilization bySpodoptera litura (Fb.) [Lep.: Noctuidae] was studied for seven days, during which the parasitoid completed its larval development. Food consumption, weight gained and faeces produced were significantly less in parasitized larvae than in unparasitized larvae after the 4th day following parasitization. Approximate digestibility was higher in parasitized larvae after the 2nd day following parasitization. Efficiency of conversion of ingested and digested food into body weight was greater in unparasitized larvae after the 2nd day of parasitization. There seems to be a definite immediate advantage to the crop on releasing the parasitoid due to the reduced consumption of food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372418
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on β-picolinium-p-chlorophenacylide initiated copolymerization of methyl methacrylate with styrene (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 149 (1987), S. 139-150 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die alternierende Copolymerisation von Methylmethacrylat mit Styrol unter Verwendung von β-Picolinum-P-chlorphenacylid als Radikalinitiator bei 55, 60 und 65°C und einer Reaktionszeit von 3 h wurde kinetisch untersucht. Die Copolymerisationsgeschwindigkeit (Rp) ist proportional der Quadratwurzel der Initiatorkonzentration und weist auf einen bimolekularen Abbruch hin. Der durchschnittliche Polymerisationsgrad nimmt mit zunehmender Initiatorkonzentration ab. Die ermittelten Werte für kp2/kt und für die Aktivierungsenergie betragen 1,43 · 10-3 l mol-1 s-1 bzw. 87 kJ mol-1. Die NMR Spektroskopie wurde zur Bestimmung der Struktur, Zusammensetzung und Stereochemie der Copolymeren verwendet.
    Notes: The alternating copolymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with styrene (S) using β-picolinium-p-chlorophenacylide (β-PCPY) as radical initiator at 55, 60, and 65°C for 3 h has been kinetically investigated. The copolymerization rate (Rp) is proportional to the square root of [β-PCPY] and indicates bimolecular termination. The average degree of polymerization decreases as [β-PCPY] increases. The values of kp2/kt and energy of activation have been evaluated as 1.43 · 10-3 l mol-1 s-1 and 87 kJ mol-1, respectively. The NMR spectroscopy has been used to determine the structure, composition, and stereochemistry of copolymers.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1987.051490111
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Photo-oxidative degradation of PPO/PET blends (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 214 (1994), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der photo-oxidative Abbau von Blends aus Polyethylenterephthalat (PET) und Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1-1,4-phenylenoxid) (PPO) wurde untersucht, wobei die gegenseitige Beeinflussung beider Komponenten berüucksichtigt wurde. Im Temperaturbereich 30 - 100°C wurden die Auswirkungen der Segmentbeweglichkeit der Polymerketten ermittelt. Für kurze UV-Bestrahlung (365 nm) ist der Abbau diffionskontrolliert und kann mit der Theorie von Waite erklärt werden. Die Wechselwirkungen der Polymersegmente in den Blends beeinflussen auch die Diffusionskoeffizienten und die Aktivierungsenergie. Für PET in Blends verursacht eine höhere Aktivierungsenergie eine Abnahme des Kettenbruchs.
    Notes: Photo-oxidative degradation of blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) and poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4-phenylene oxide) (PPO) was studied considering the mutual influence of both components. The photo-oxidation of these systems was investigated in the temperature range 30-100°C to study the effects of segmental motion of polymer chains. For short time of UV-illumination at 365 nm the process is diffusion controlled and can be explained with the help of Waite's theory. The segmental interactions of polymer segments in the blends also affect the diffusion coefficients and the activation energy values. Higher values of the activation energy of PET in the blends cause a decrease of chain breaking.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052140101
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass fiber reinforced polypropylene/EPDM blends. II. Mechanical properties and morphology (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 451-462 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Tensile and impact properties of the ternary system polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene elastomer (EPDM)/glass fiber (GF) and the corresponding binary systems PP/EPDM blend and PP/GF composite are studied. Results are presented and analyzed as functions of compositional variables, viz., (i) matrix PP/EPDM blending ratio at constant GF loadings and (ii) GF loading at constant matrix blending ratios for the ternary system and (iii) EPDM content for PP/EPDM binary system and (iv) GF content for the binary system PP/GF, respectively. The role of individual components EPDM and GF in these mechanical properties is discussed and their combined effects are inspected at certain composition ranges. Theoretical analysis of tensile data is presented which reveals the effect of EPDM on the reinforcing effect of GF. Unlike the conventional role of an elastomer, increase of EPDM content in the presence of GF increases the modulus of the ternary system. Impact strength of the ternary system increases with increasing GF content both in the presence and absence of EPDM, showing a distinct minimum at matrix blending ratio PP/EPDM 90/10. Scanning electron micrographs of impact-fractured surfaces are presented to illustrate the dispersion of the two phases of the polyblend matrix, fiber alignment, and the fiber interface.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430306
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