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  • Action potential  (1)
  • Cypermethrin and cyfluthrin  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complex action potential waveform recorded from supraoptic and paraventricular neurones of the rat: Evidence for sodium and calcium spike components at different membrane sites (1984)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 56 (1984), S. 135-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Supraoptic nucleus ; Paraventricular nucleus ; Action potential ; Hypothalamus ; Calcium spikes ; Magnocellular neurones
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnocellular neurones of the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei display a complex waveform when recorded extracellularly. The present work has examined the possible reasons for the complexity of this waveform by making extracellular recordings from antidromically identified neurones in the anaesthetized rat and extra- and intracellular recordings from similar neurones in the hypothalamic slice preparation, where external solutions can be changed. In extracellularly recorded units, action potentials had two positive going components. The first of these was abolished by tetrodotoxin. The second, slower component was abolished when external Ca++ concentration was lowered, but enhanced in magnitude and duration when Ba++ was placed in the external medium. The second component was sensitive to electrode movement and was not observed to the same degree when intracellular recordings were made. In light of these observations and the known morphology of these neurones, it is suggested that the magnocellular neurone action potential is comprised of a fast Na+-dependent component and a slower component dependent on Ca++ entry which may originate from a part of the cell other than the soma. The most likely site for this Ca++ component to occur is at the cell dendrite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237449
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of pyrethroid metabolites in human urine by capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (1996)
    Springer
    Chromatographia 43 (1996), S. 285-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-1112
    Keywords: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ; Pyrethroid metabolites in urine ; Urinary marker ; 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid ; Cypermethrin and cyfluthrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary An analytical method for the simultaneous determination of the pyrethroid metabolites cis and trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, cis 3-(2,2-dibromovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid, 3-phenoxybenzoic acid and 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid in human urine samples is described. The urine is subjected to acid-induced hydrolysis followed by exhaustive solvent extraction, covering both conjugated and free acids, followed by a common derivatisation step yielding the corresponding methyl esters. Quantitation was by diastereomeric, capillary gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. It appears that 4-fluoro-3-phenoxybenzoic acid is a characteristic urinary marker for cyfluthrin exposure. The limits of determination are 0.5–1.0 μg L−1 urine depending on the metabolites concerned. The applicability of the method was tested on urine samples from pest control operators exposed occupationally to cypermethrin and cyfluthrin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02270996
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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