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  • Inorganic Chemistry  (9)
  • Active renin concentration  (2)
  • Calvarian transplants  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Mund-, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie 2 (1998), S. S70 
    ISSN: 1434-3940
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Kraniofaziale Chirurgie ; Frontobasis ; Calvariatransplantate ; Knochenrekonstruktion ; Key words Craniofacial surgery ; Frontobasis ; Calvarian transplants ; Bone reconstruction ; Bone grafting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Defects of the frontoorbital complex subsequent to extensive tumor surgery or severe trauma often result in aesthetic and functional disharmonies. The long-term results of rehabilitation related to different materials and techniques are the subject of this study. From 1974 to 1996 altogether 127 patients with bony defects of the orbit and/or the skull base underwent surgery. All patients’ data were documented prospectively from 1984 onwards. The results following reconstruction with autologous calvarian transplants in 52 patients were compared to those of a control group which received iliac bone or PMMA implants. Eighty-one bony defects (64%) resulted from tumor resection; 37 patients (29%) suffered from the effects of trauma. In 67 cases (53%) reconstruction was performed primarily, in 51 cases (40%) secondarily. Free or pedicled soft-tissue transplants were necessary in order to separate the orbit and the neurocranium in 26% of the defects. On the other hand, small, isolated defects of the orbital roof (7%) were left without any reconstructive procedure. Contrary to the iliac bone grafts, the calvarian transplants resisted secondary resorption. Postoperative infections appeared in two cases; loss of transplants was avoided entirely in the group of calvarian reconstructions in contrast to the alloplasts. The selection of a suitable donor site area and rigid fixation with microplates led to excellent esthetic results even in cases with large defects.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Defekte des frontoorbitalen Komplexes nach Tumorchirurgie oder Traumen können zu ausgeprägten ästhetischen und funktionellen Beeinträchtigungen führen. Zur Wiederherstellung stehen unterschiedliche Materialien und Techniken zur Verfügung, deren Langzeitergebnisse Gegenstand der vorliegenden Untersuchung sind. Von 1974–1996 wurden 127 Patienten mit knöchernen Defekten der Orbita und/oder der Schädelbasis in der Klinik für Gesichts- und Kieferchirurgie Essen operativ behandelt. Die Ergebnisse der Rekonstruktion mit autologen Calvariatransplantaten (52 Patienten) wurden dabei mit den als Kontrollgruppe dienenden Rekonstruktionen mit Beckenkammspongiosa und Paladon verglichen. 81 Knochendefekte (64%) waren durch eine Tumorresektion entstanden, bei 37 Patienten (29%) handelte es sich um die Folge eines Traumas. Bei 67 Patienten (53%) wurde die Deckung des Knochendefekts primär vorgenommen, bei 51 Patienten (40%) erfolgte sie sekundär. Umschriebene Orbitadachdefekte bedurften keiner knöchernen Rekonstruktion (7%). Bei 26% der Defekte mußten freie oder gestielte Weichteiltransplantate zur Rekonstruktion eingesetzt werden, um die Orbita und den intrakranialen Raum zu separieren. Die Schädelknochentransplantate erwiesen sich im Gegensatz zu den Beckenkammtransplantaten als resorptionsstabil. Postoperative Infektionen wurden nur in 2 Fällen beobachtet, Transplantatverluste konnten im Gegensatz zu alloplastischen Rekonstruktionen durchgehend vermieden werden. Durch geeignete Auswahl des Spenderareals und stabile Mikroverplattung konnte auch bei großen Defekten mit ausgezeichnteten ästhetischen Ergebnissen rekonstruiert werden.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Congenital adrenal hyperplasia ; 21-Hydroxylase deficiency ; Active renin concentration ; Plasma renin activity ; Mineralocorticoid replacement therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAR) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA) has been the method of choice in diagnosing salt loss and in monitoring adequacy of mineralocorticoid replacement therapy. Due to methodological problems in PRA determinations, direct immunoradiometric assays for the measurement of active renin concentration have been developed. We measured PRA and active renin concentrations simultaneously in 39 patients with CAH (30 salt-wasting, 9 simple virilizing) to evaluate the potential role of this new method in the management of this disease. PRA was determined with an enzymatic assay (sample volume: 2 × 1000 μl plasma), active renin concentration with a direct immunoradiometric assay (sample volume: 2 × 200 μl plasma or serum). We found a highly significant correlation between active renin and PRA in our patients (P 〈 0.001), as previously shown in healthy subjects. Active renin was as reliable as PRA to assess the quality of mineralocorticoid replacement.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Key words Congenital adrenal ; hyperplasia ; 21-Hydroxylase ; deficiency ; Active renin concentration ; Plasma renin activity ; Mineralocorticoid replacement therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency, measurement of plasma renin activity (PRA) has been the method of choice in diagnosing salt loss and in monitoring adequacy of mineralocorticoid replacement therapy. Due to methodological problems in PRA determinations, direct immunoradiometric assays for the measurement of active renin concentration have been developed. We measured PRA and active renin concentrations simultaneously in 39 patients with CAH (30 salt-wasting, 9 simple virilizing) to evaluate the potential role of this new method in the management of this disease. PRA was determined with an enzymatic assay (sample volume: 2 × 1000 μl plasma), active renin concentration with a direct immunoradiometric assay (sample volume: 2 × 200 μl plasma or serum). We found a highly significant correlation between active renin and PRA in our patients (P 〈 0.001), as previously shown in healthy subjects. Active renin was as reliable as PRA to assess the quality of mineralocorticoid replacement. Conclusion In children, active renin determination is preferable to PRA determination because of methodological advantages and a smaller sample volume. It correlates well with PRA and determines the activation of the renin-angiotensin system as precisely as PRA. Active renin determination is useful in the surveillance of mineralocorticoid replacement therapy in CAH.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structure and Dynamics of a Nine-membered Metallacyclic Zirconoxycarbentungsten Complex Obtained by Coupling of Cp2Zr(butadiene), W(CO)6, and Me3C—CNReaction of the (butadiene)metallocene complexes (RCp)2Zr(η4-C4H6) 1 [s-cis-/s-trans-mixtures; R = H (a), CH3 (b)] with hexacarbonyltungsten followed by treatment with pivalonitrile produced the nine-membered metallacyclic zirconoxycarbene complexes 3 (a: R = H; b: R = CH3), exhibiting an endocyclic trans-C—C double bond [X-ray crystal structure analysis of 3b: space group P21/n, a = 8.417(1), b = 21.563(2), c = 15.494(1), β = 94.17(1)°, Z = 4, R = 0.045, RW = 0.043]. From the dynamic 1H NMR spectra an activation barrier of ΔGent≠ = 16.4 ± 0.5 kcal/mol is estimated for the enantiomerization process of the chiral metallacycle 3b at the coalescence temperature of the Cp-methylgroup resonances (297 K).
    Notes: Reaktion der (Butadien)metallocenkomplexe (RCp)2Zr(η4-C4H6) 1 [s-cis-/s-trans-Gemische; R = H (a), CH3 (b)] mit Hexacarbonylwolfram und anschließend mit Pivalonitril liefert die neungliedrigen metallacyclischen Zirconoxycarbenkomplexe 3 (a: R = H; b: R = CH3) mit trans-konfigurierter C—C-Doppelbindung im Ring [Röntgenstrukturanalyse von 3b: Raumgruppe P21/n, a = 8,417(1), b = 21,563(2), c = 15,494(1), β = 94,17(1)°, Z = 4, R = 0,045, RW = 0,043]. Aus den dynamischen 1H-NMR-Spektren wird eine Aktivierungsbarriere der Enantiomerisierung des chiralen Metallacyclus 3b von ΔGent≠ = 16,4 ± 0,5 kcal/mol bei der Koaleszenztemperatur der Cp-Methylgruppensignale (297 K) abgeschätzt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 606 (1991), S. 141-155 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Neopentylruthenium(II) complexes ; H—C bond cleavage ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: H—C Bond Cleavage in Aldehydes by Neopentylruthenium(II) ComplexesNeopentylruthenium complexes of the type (η5-Cp)(L1)(L2)RuCH2CMe3 (1: Cp = C5Me5, L1 = L2 = PMe3; 3, 9, 10 and 11: Cp = C5H5, L2 = PPh3, L1 = PMe3, PMePh2, PMe2Ph and P(OMe)3, respectively) react with benzaldehyde with H—C bond cleavage of the aldehyde function to give the (η5-Cp)(L1)(L2)Ru benzoyl compounds 4, 13-16 and as the result of subsequent decarbonylation the (carbonyl) phenylruthenium complexes 2, 5, 12, 17-19 or mixtures thereof. Para phthaldialdehyde reacts with 1 (ratio 1 : 2) via the carbonyl complex 20 to give the 1,4-bis(ruthenium)benzene compound 21. Aliphatic aldehydes behave similarly: isobutyraldehyde reacts with 3 to give a mixture of the acyl-(22) and alkyl(carbonyl)ruthenium compound 23. 1 reacts with ferrocenealdehyde to give the carbonyl(ferrocenyl)ruthenium complex 25. The molecular structures of 22 and 2 as representatives of acyl- and (carbonyl)organylruthenium complexes, have been determined by X-ray diffraction.
    Notes: Die Neopentylruthenium-Komplexe vom Typ (η5-Cp)(L1)(L2)RuCH2CMe3 (1: Cp = C5Me5, L1 = L2 = PMe3; 3, 9, 10 und 11: Cp = C5H5, L2 = PPh3, L1 = PMe3, PMePh2, PMe2Ph bzw. P(OMe)3) reagieren mit Benzaldehyd unter H—C-Bindungsspaltung an der Aldehydgruppe und anschließender Decarbonylierung zu den entsprechenden Phenylruthenium-Verbindungen (η5-Cp)(CO)(L1)RuPh 2, 5, 12, 17-19 oder zu Mischungen dieser Komplexe mit den Benzoylruthenium-Verbindungen (η5-Cp)(L1)(L2)RuC(O)Ph 4, 13-16, den Vorstufen der Decarbonylierung. Para-Phthaldialdehyd reagiert mit 1 (Verhältnis 1 : 2) über den Carbonylkomplex 20 zum 1,4-Bis(ruthenium)benzol 21. Aliphatische Aldehyde verhalten sich ähnlich wie aromatische, Isobutyraldehyd bildet mit 3 eine Mischung von Acyl- (22) und Alkyl(carbonyl)ruthenium-Verbindung 23. 1 reagiert mit Ferrocenaldehyd zum Carbonyl(ferrocenyl)ruthenium-Komplex 25. Für 22 und 2 als Vertreter der Acyl- und der (Carbonyl)phenylruthenium-Komplexe wurden die Molekülstrukturen röntgenographisch bestimmt.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 619 (1993), S. 819-826 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Silachalcogenanes with Disilanyl Units ; Preparation ; Crystal Structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis and Characterization of New Cyclic and Acyclic Silachalcogenanes with Disilanyl UnitsSynthesis and properties of (4-CH3—C6H4)3SiSiH3, (C6H5)2HSiSiH2C6H5, C6H5Cl2SiSiH3, (C6H5)2ClSiSiH3, (H3SiSiH2)2Se, H3SiSiH2ESiH3, , as well as characterisation by IR-, MS-, NMR-spectroscopy are described. Reactions of phenylsubstituted disilanes with HCl in the presence of catalytic amounts of AlCl3 provide chorinated chlorophenylsubstituted disilanes. Condensation of these chlorodisilanes with disilathiane or disilaselenane yield cyclic and acyclic silachalkogenanes containing disilanyl units.The structure of (C6H5)3SiSiH3 has been determined by X-ray analysis. The compound crystallizes in space group C2/c with the cell dimensions a = 16.366(2), b = 11.458(1), c = 19.719(2) Å, β = 110.93(1)°.
    Notes: Synthese und Eigenschaften der Verbindungen (4-CH3C6H4)3SiSiH3, (C6H5)2HSiSiH2C6H5, C6H5Cl2SiSiH3, (C6H5)2ClSiSiH3, (H3SiSiH2)2Se, H3SiSiH2ESiH3, sowie deren Charakterisierung durch IR-, MS-, NMR-Spektroskopie und Elementaranalyse werden beschrieben. Durch Reaktion von phenylsubstituierten Disilanen mit Chlorwasserstoff in Gegenwart katalytischer Mengen AlCl3 gelangt man zu chlorierten- und bei der Teilabspaltung der Phenylgruppen zu chlorphenylsubstituierten Disilanen. Die so erhaltenen chlorierten Verbindungen führen bei der Umsetzung mit Disilathian bzw. Disilaselenan zu wasserstoffsubstituierten cyclischen und acyclischen Siliciumchalkogenanen mit Disilanyleinheiten.Von (C6H5)3SiSiH3 liegt eine Kristallstrukturanalyse vor. Die Verbindung kristallisiert in der monoklinen Raumgruppe C2/c mit den Gitterkonstanten a =16,366(2), b = 11,458(1), c = 19,719(2) Å, β = 110,93(1)°.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 326 (1964), S. 288-295 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Deep blue, liquid, and distillable trialkylsilyl-aryl-diazenes, R3Si—N=N—ar, are prepared by oxidation of either doubly metallated N-trialkylsilyl-N'-aryl-hydrazines in etheral solution at - 70° with bromine or of the analogous singly metallated derivatives by oxygen with yields up to 35%. Their isolation is complicated by their high sensitivity to heterolytic reagents and by the difficulties of separation from by-products. They could be obtained only in 40-85% purity.
    Notes: Tiefblau gefärbte, flüssige und destillierbare Trialkylsilyl-aryl-diazene R3Si—N=N=;ar bilden sich durch Oxydation von zweifach metallierten N-Trialkylsilyl-N'-aryl-hydrazinen in ätherischer Lösung bei - 70° mit Br2 (Rk. 5) oder aus deren einfach metallierten Derivaten mit Sauerstoff nach Rk. (6) mit Ausbeuten bis zu 35%. Ihre Isolierung ist infolge hoher Empfindlichkeit gegenüber heterolytischen Reagenzien und hartnäckigen Anhaftens von Nebenprodukten erschwert; sie konnten nur in Reinheitsgraden von 40-85% angereichert werden.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: NaN(Si me3)2 reacts quickly with CO2 at room temperature resulting in C(NSi me3)2, O(Si me3)2, NaOCOOSi me3, NaOCN, Na2[NCN] and Na2CO3. The analogous reaction with CS2 yields C(NSi me3)2, S(Si me3)2, N(Si me3)3, NaSCN, Na2S and Na2CS3. After investigating the detailed reactions, their position in the complicated overall-reactions was detected by infrared and NMR spectroscopy. Carbon halides react in the case of JCF3 to C(NSi me3)2, while CCl4, CHCl3, and CH2Cl2 are involved in complicated reactions with partial reduction to carbon.
    Notes: NaN(Si me3)2(3) setzt sich mit CO2 in lebhafter Reaktion bei Raumtemperatur zu C(NSi me3)2, O(Si me3)2, NaOCOOSi me3, NaOCN, Na2[NCN] und Na2CO3, mit CS2 nach Erwärmen zu C(NSi me3)2, S(Si me3)2, N(Si me3)3, NaSCN, Na2S und Na2CS3 um. Die Einzelreaktionen dieser komplizierten Gesamtumsetzungen konnten über 1H - NMR- und IR-Spektren im Reaktionsverlauf verfolgt werden. nachdem sie in isolierten Untersuchungen sichergestellt worden waren. Kohlenstoffhalogenide setzen sich mit NaN(Si me3)2 teils eindeutig wie bei JCF3 [zu C(NSi me3)2], teils in verwickelten Reaktionen wie bei CCl4, CHCl3 oder CH2Cl2 um. wobei teilweise Reduktion bis zu elementarem Kohlenstoff beobachtet wurde.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 436 (1977), S. 229-236 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Preparation, Crystal and Molecular Structure of Triphenylphosphineoxide Hydrochloride (C6H5)3PO · HCl(C6H5)3PO · HCl was prepared from HCl and (C6H5)3PO in benzene. It crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/n with a = 9.788(1), b = 16.477(6), c = 10.568(6) Å, β = 112.11(6)° and Z = 4; d(calc./obs.) 1,32/1,29 g · cm-3. The structure was determined by direct methods from 2 164 independent reflections and has been refined by full matrix least squares methods to R = 0.036. In the compound (C6H5)3PO and HCl are linked by a short, unsymmetrical, largely linear H-bond (distances O—Cl 2.747(2), O—H 1.116(40), H—Cl 1.633(40) Å, ∡ O—H—Cl 176.6(3.2)°). The P—O-distance measures 1.517(2) Å. From the position of the bridging H-Atom the compound can be conceived according to the contributing formula \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left({{\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} } \right)_3 \mathop {\rm P}\limits^ + {\rm OH} \cdot \cdot \cdot \mathop {{\rm Cl}}\limits^ - $\end{document} as hydroxotriphenylphosphonium chloride.
    Notes: (C6H5)3PO · HCl wurde aus HCl und (C6H5)3PO in Benzol gewonnen. Es kristallisiert monoklin in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit a = 9,788(1), b = 16,477(6), c = 10,568(6) Å, β = 112,11(6)° und Z = 4; d(ber./gef.) = 1,32/1,29 g · cm-3. Die Struktur wurde anhand von 2 164 unabhängigen Reflexen direkt bestimmt und nach der Kleinste-Quadrate-Methode (volle Matrix) bis zu einem R-Wert von 0,036 verfeinert. In der Verbindung sind (C6H5)3PO und HCl über eine kurze unsymmetrische, weitgehend lineare H-Brücke (Abstände O—Cl 2,747(2), O—H 1,116(40), H—Cl 1,633(40) Å, ∡ O—H—Cl 176,6(3,2)°) verknüpft. Der P—O-Abstand beträgt 1,517(2) Å. Die Verbindung ist auf Grund der Lage des Brücken-H-Atoms entsprechend der Grenzstruktur \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$ \left({{\rm C}_{\rm 6} {\rm H}_{\rm 5} } \right)_3 \mathop {\rm P}\limits^ + {\rm OH} \cdot \cdot \cdot \mathop {{\rm Cl}}\limits^ - $\end{document} als Hydroxotriphenylphosphoniumchlorid aufzufassen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 326 (1964), S. 304-308 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Solvolysis, hydrogenation, decomposition on distillation as well as on storage in solution of trialkylsilyl-aryl-diazenes have been studied quantitatively; further reactions with triphenyl methyl, cyclopentadiene, hydroquinone and HgO have been qualitatively examined. Tripropylsilylphenyldiazene was in each case the most stable and the most clearly reacting of the four synthesized blue diazenes.
    Notes: Solvolysen (vgl. Rk. 1), Hydrierungen (vgl. Rk. 4, 5), Selbstzerfall bei der Destillation (vgl. Rk. 6) wie beim Aufbewahren in Lösungen (vgl. Abb. 2) der Trialkylsilyl-aryl-diazene wurden quantitativ verfolgt, einige weitere Reaktionen mit Triphenylmethyl, Cyclopentadien, Hydrochinon und HgO qualitativ erfaßt. Das Tripropylsilylphenyl-diazen erwies sich in jeder Beziehung als das stabilste und auch am eindeutigsten reagierende der vier dargestellten blauen Diazene.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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