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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (11)
  • Acute renal failure  (1)
  • Benzoates  (1)
  • Colorado dams  (1)
  • Dog kidney  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute renal failure: the glomerular and tubular connection (1987)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 1 (1987), S. 348-358 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Acute renal failure ; Glomerular ultrafiltration ; Tubular injury
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common clinical entity which results from multiple causes. Experimental models in animals have duplicated many of the clinical syndromes which can be classified into (1) ARF due to increased filtered load of endogenous and exogenous materials, (2) ARF associated with exogenous nephrotoxins and (3) ischemic forms of renal failure secondary to hypoperfusion and hypotension. The mechanisms leading to the reduction in GFR are multiple and the alterations in determinants of nephron filtration rate and degree of tubular backleak and obstruction are described for each of these subtypes of experimental ARF. The specific mechanisms whereby tubular damage translates into a reduction in GFR in ARF are discussed for each sub-type of ARF. Tubular damage can often be dissociated from the reduction in GFR, possibly by inhibiting tubuloglomerular feedback responses, but such increases in GFR and nephron filtration rate are not necessarily beneficial to the organism because of potential volume depletion and the risk of magnifying further tubular damage. Information on the physiologic role of tubuloglomerular feedback activity in ARF is provided and supports the concept that feedback induced reductions in GFR after tubular injury may preserve extracellular volume and minimize further tubular damage. Reductions in tubular metabolic work appears to prevent and ameliorate further tubular injury after the initial insult. The mechanisms which associate changes in GFR and tubular damage can now be described, and therapies which improve GFR without correcting the tubular damage may compound the clinical problem and increase renal damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00849234
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of substituted benzoates on p-aminohippurate transport in dog renal membrane vesicles (1991)
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 102-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: p-Aminohippurate ; Benzoates ; Isolated membrane vesicles ; Organic anion transport ; Dog kidney
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of substituted benzoates on the transport of p-aminohippurate (PAH) was studied in basolateral (BLMV) and brush border membrane vesicles (BBMV) isolated from dog kidney cortex. For both membranes, kinetic analysis of [3H]PAH transport in the presence of a fixed concentration of two different benzoates, respectively, revealed an increase in the apparent K m, for PAH, while the transport capacity (V max) was unaffected. This is compatible with competitive inhibition of a common transport pathway. A range of 19 monosubstituted benzoates were then tested as potential inhibitors by measuring the probenecid-sensitive fraction of 100 μmol/l PAH uptake into BLMV and BBMV in the presence of 5 mmol/l benzoate, and apparent inhibition constants (K j) were calculated. For all benzoates the inhibitory potency in BBMV was lower than in BLMV, but the pattern of inhibition was similar; the most pronounced inhibition was found for 3-Cl- and 4-Cl-benzoate, while the least pronounced inhibition was found for the 3-NH2 and 4-NH2 substitutes. The inhibitory potency, expressed as logK i, correlated significantly with the relative hydrophobicity of the benzoates determined by reversed phase HPLC, whereas a poor correlation was found between pKa and logK i. This indicates that hydrophobic and electronic parameters are the main determinants of affinity for the PAH transport system. It is suggested that the PAH transport system present in the proximal tubules is responsible for the active secretion of benzoates by the mammalian kidney.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180684
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Improved dispersive mixing through reduction in flow field vorticity (1988)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 35 (1988), S. 2141-2154 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dispersive mixing is most efficiently accomplished with pure straining flow. Vorticity in the flow field inhibits this extending action; accordingly, the presence of shearing flow will decrease the overall effectiveness of dispersive mixing processes. A method to reduce the vorticity by inducing lubricated flow through development of a nonuniform distribution of the components of a polymer blend is described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1988.070350814
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seismic hazard evaluation for dams in northern Colorado, U.S.A. (1996)
    Springer
    Natural hazards 14 (1996), S. 227-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0840
    Keywords: Colorado dams ; earthquake recurrence ; probabilistic distances ; probabilistic seismic hazard analysis ; peak horizontal acceleration ; acceleration response spectra
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geography , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract A seismic hazard evaluation for three dams in the Rocky Mountains of northern Colorado is based on a study of the historical seismicity. To model earthquake occurrence as a random process utilizing a maximum likelihood method, the catalog must exhibit random space-time characteristics. This was achieved using a declustering procedure and correction for completeness of recording. On the basis of the resulting a- and b-values, probabilistic epicentral distances for a 2 × 10−5 annual probability were calculated. For a random earthquake of magnitude M L 6.0–6.5, this distance is 15 km. Suggested ground motion parameters were estimated using a probabilistic seismic hazard analysis. Critical peak horizontal accelerations at the dams are 0.22g if median values are assumed and 0.39g if variable attenuation and seismicity rates are taken into account. For structural analysis of the dams, synthetic acceleration time series were calculated to match the empirical response spectra. In addition, existing horizontal strong motion records from two Mammoth Lakes, California earthquakes were selected and scaled to fit the target horizontal acceleration response spectra.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00128268
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intersegmental interaction and critical concentrations in PET-HFIP solutions (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 29 (1991), S. 431-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Spectroscopic determinations of the concentrations associated with the onset of intermolecular interaction in solutions of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) are described. The intersegment forces perturb the electronic spectra and induce ground-state aggregation. These phenomena become observable at different chain densities, reflecting the influence of concentration on the coil dimensions, as well as the dynamical nature of the interactions. An estimate of the equilibrium constant for PET dimer formation in hexafluoroisopropanol is reported.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1991.090290405
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    129Xe NMR as a probe of polymer blends (1992)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 30 (1992), S. 527-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) with 129Xe as probe of polymer blends ; blends, 129Xe as NMR Probe of ; rubbery polymer blends, 129Xe as NMR probe of ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The miscibility of two-component polymer blends has been investigated using xenon-129 (129Xe) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to probe the phase morphology. The chemical shift of 129Xe dissolved in a given polymer is unique, thus heterogeneous blends with large domain sizes exhibit two 129Xe NMR lines. When a single resonance is obtained, the data are consistent with miscibility, yielding an upper bound on the domain size. The temperature dependence of the relative solubilities and chemical shifts of 129Xe dissolved in the pure components may allow a determination of the phase morphology in blends exhibiting a single resonance. The method is used to demonstrate that polychloroprene and 25% epoxidized 1,4-polyisoprene form a miscible blend.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1992.090300602
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transverse heterogeneity in PET fibers (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1331-1337 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ethylene terephthalate) ; transverse heterogeneity ; crystallinity ; high speed spinning ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: X-ray scattering from a series of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers spun at differet speeds is analyzed to probe the morphology in the direction transverse to the fiber axis. Both the apparent crystal modulus, determined from the change in wide-angle X-ray scattering angle with fiber stretching, and the transverse degree of crystallinity indicate there is a substantial interfiberillar amorphous content. In the PET fiber spun at conventional speeds, only roughly one-quarter of the fiber cross-section is actually occupied by fibrils. The transverse crystallinity increases for fibers spun at speeds sufficient to cause crystallization in the spin line. The X-ray moduli and fibril diameters are correspondingly larger in these high speed spun fibers. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090311008
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Terminal relaxation and diffusion of entangled three-arm star polymers: Temperature and molecular weight dependencies (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 2503-2510 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: rheology ; diffusion ; star-branched polymers ; polyisoprene ; terminal viscosity ; molecular weight dependence ; temperature dependence ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Recent experimental investigation of the terminal relaxation in high molecular weight polyisoprenes by dynamic mechanical measurements (C. A. Bero and C.M. Roland, Macromolecules, 29, 1562 (1996)) has found the terminal relaxation times to be more sensitive to changes in temperature for three-arm stars than for the linear polyisoprenes. Moreover, these measurements, carried out with significantly higher molecular weight samples than heretofore, show that the molecular weight dependence of the terminal relaxation times for three-arm star polyisoprenes is much weaker than the exponential dependence previously proposed (L. J. Fetters, et al., Macromolecules, 26, 647 (1993)). Tracer diffusion of labeled linear and three-arm star polyethylene-like diffusant molecules in a highly entangled linear polyethylene matrix exhibit temperature and molecular weight dependencies similar to those observed spectroscopically from bulk polymers. Both the temperature and molecular weight dependencies for the star-branched polymers are at variance with the predictions of the reptation model. It is shown here, however, that these observations can be reconciled through application of the coupling model of relaxation. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 35: 2503-2510, 1997
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheology of a miscible polymer blend (1988)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 26 (1988), S. 839-856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Difference spectra of blends of cis-1,4-polyisoprene and atactic poly(vinylethylene), obtained from the measured FTIR spectra of the pure components and the blends, indicate that mixing of these polymers is not accompanied by any specific chemical interactions. Miscibility in this system arises solely due to the small combinatorial entropy of mixing. The conformation and configuration of the polymer chains in the blends are, therefore, identical to those in the pure melts. As a consequence it was found that the entanglement density of the blends varied monotonically with composition. This variation, however, was not in accordance with predictions based simply on the mechanical interaction density. The principle rheological effect of miscible blending was a large change in the monomeric friction coefficient, which arises from the strong dependence of free volume on composition. The zero shear viscosity and the terminal relaxation time of the blends reflected this change in local chain mobility. Empirical relations, which have previously been proposed for the properties of miscible polymer mixtures, were found to be without merit in describing the obtained experimental results.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1988.090260409
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The amorphous phase in high-speed spun PET fibers (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 31 (1993), S. 1339-1345 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: poly(ethylene terephthalate) ; series-parallel model ; series-aggregate model ; high-speed spinning ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Two phenomenogical descriptions of oriented semicrystalline polymers, the series-parallel model and the series-aggregate model, were applied to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) fibers obtained at different spinning speeds. The mechanical behavior of the fibers conformed well to both models. The analyses indicate that PET fibers obtained by high-speed spinning possess a more compliant interfibrillar amorphous phase. This feature may account for both the greater dimensional stability, as well as the more reversible mechanical behavior, exhibited by high-speed spun PET. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/polb.1993.090311009
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