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  • Adenosine diphosphate  (3)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (3)
  • Inorganic Chemistry  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does long-term continous administration of pentoxifylline affect platelet function in the critically ill patient? (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 644-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Pentoxifylline ; Critically ill ; Sepsis ; Trauma ; Inflammation ; Coagulation ; Platelet function ; Aggregometry ; Collagen ; Epinephrine ; Adenosine diphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective The methylxanthine derivative pentoxifylline (PTX) is one of those promising substances which are under current investigation to modify or limit inflammatory response. Antiaggregation activity has also been described that may contribute to the beneficial effects of this substance. Long-term effects on platelet function have not been elucidated yet. Design Prospective, randomized study. Setting Clinical investigation on a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients 26 trauma patients and 26 patients suffering from sepsis secondary to major operations were consecutively studied. Interventions The patients prospectively received either 1.5 mg/kg per h pentoxifylline continuously for 5 days (after a loading dose of 600 mg) (trauma-PTX,n=13; sepsis-PTX,n=13) or saline solution as placebo (trauma-control;n=13; sepsis-control,n=13). Measurements On the day of admission (trauma patients) or day of the diagnosis of sepsis and at 12:00 p.m. during the next 5 days, platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP 2.0 μmol/l), collagen (4 μl/ml), and epinephrine (25 μmol/l) was determined by a turbidimetric method from arterial blood samples. Standard coagulation screen was also monitored. Main results In untreated trauma and sepsis patients, maximum platelet aggregation induced by all three agonists decreased during the first few days after inclusion in the study [trauma: ADP −17.1±8.0 rel% (% change from baseline); sepsis: ADP −26.1±5.6 rel%]. In due course, maximum platelet aggregation recovered, reaching the baseline value or even exceeding it (trauma patients). In the PTX-treated patients, platelet aggregation was significantly less impaired (sepsis group: ADP −4.4±3.3 rel%) or even increased beyond baseline values in the first few days of the study (trauma group: ADP 16.1±8.0 rel%). Fibrinogen plasma levels were lower in the non-treated control groups (p〈0.05) than in the PTX groups. Conclusions Continuous infusion of PTX for 5 days did not impair platelet function in critically ill patients. In both trauma and sepsis patients, the usual deterioration in platelet function was even attenuated, which may be due to the effects of PTX on cytokine release (e.g., reduction in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1), improvement in microcirculation, or additional fibrinolytic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709740
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does continuous heparinization influence platelet function in the intensive care patient? (1997)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 23 (1997), S. 567-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Critically ill ; Sepsis ; Trauma ; Neurosurgery ; Heparin ; Anticoagulation ; Platelet function ; Aggregometry ; Adenosine diphosphate ; Epinephrine ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the influence of continuous administration of heparin on platelet function in intensive care patients. Design: Prospective, serial investigation. Setting: Clinical investigation on a surgical and neurosurgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. Patients: The study included 45 patients: 15 postoperative with patients sepsis (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score between 15 and 25), 15 trauma patients (Injury Severity Score 15 to 25), and 15 neurosurgical patients. Interventions: Management of the patients was carried out according to the guidelines for modern intensive care therapy. Sepsis and trauma patients received standard (unfractionated) heparin continuously [aim: an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) approximately 2.0 times normal value; sepsis-heparin and trauma-heparin patients], whereas neurosurgical patients received no heparin (neurosurgical patients). Measurements and results: From arterial blood samples, platelet aggregation was measured by the turbidimetric method. Platelet aggregation was induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 2.0 μmol/l), collagen (10 μg/ml), and epinephrine (25 μmol/l). Measurements were carried out on the day of diagnosis of sepsis or 12 h after hemodynamic stabilization (trauma and neurosurgery patients) (baseline) and during the next 5 days at 12.00 noon. Standard coagulation parameters [platelet count and fibrinogen and antithrombin III (AT III) plasma concentrations] were also monitored. Heparin 4–10 U/kg per h (mean dose: approximately 500 U/h) was necessary to reach an aPTT of about 2.0 times normal. Platelet count was highest in the neurosurgical patients, but it did not decrease after heparin administration to the trauma and sepsis patients. AT III and fibrinogen plasma levels were similar in the three groups of patients. In the sepsis group, platelet aggregation variables decreased significantly (e. g., epinephrine-induced maximum platelet aggregation: − 45 relative % from baseline value). Platelet function recovered during the study and even exceeded baseline values (e. g., ADP-induced maximum platelet aggregation: + 42.5 relative % from baseline value). Continuous heparinization did not blunt this increase of platelet aggregation variables. In the heparinized trauma patients, platelet aggregation variables remained almost stable and were no different to platelet aggregation data in the untreated neurosurgical patients. Conclusions: Continuous administration of heparin with an average dose of approximately 500 U/h did not negatively influence platelet function in the trauma patients. Recovery from reduced platelet function in the sepsis group was not affected by continuous heparinization. Thus, continuous heparinization with this dose appears to be safe with regard to platelet function in the intensive care patient.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001340050374
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does long-term continuous administration of pentoxifylline affect platelet function in the critically ill patient? (1996)
    Springer
    Intensive care medicine 22 (1996), S. 644-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1238
    Keywords: Key words Pentoxifylline ; Critically ill ; Sepsis ; Trauma ; Inflammation ; Coagulation ; Platelet function ; Aggregometry ; Collagen ; Epinephrine ; Adenosine diphosphate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: The methylxanthine derivative pentoxifylline (PTX) is one of those promising substances which are under current investigation to modify or limit inflammatory response. Antiaggregation activity has also been described that may contribute to the beneficial effects of this substance. Long-term effects on platelet function have not been elucidated yet. Design: Prospective, randomized study. Setting: Clinical investigation on a surgical intensive care unit of a university hospital. Patients: 26 trauma patients and 26 patients suffering from sepsis secondary to major operations were consecutively studied. Interventions: The patients prospectively received either 1.5 mg/kg per h pentoxifylline continuously for 5 days (after a loading dose of 600 mg) (trauma-PTX, n=13; sepsis-PTX, n=13) or saline solution as placebo (trauma-control; n=13; sepsis-control, n=13). Measurements: On the day of admission (trauma patients) or day of the diagnosis of sepsis and at 12:00 p.m. during the next 5 days, platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP 2.0 μmol/l), collagen (4 μl/ml), and epinephrine (25 μmol/l) was determined by a turbidimetric method from arterial blood samples. Standard coagulation screen was also monitored. Main results: In untreated trauma and sepsis patients, maximum platelet aggregation induced by all three agonists decreased during the first few days after inclusion in the study [trauma: ADP–17.1±8.0 rel% (% change from baseline); sepsis: ADP –26.1±5.6 rel%]. In due course, maximum platelet aggregation recovered, reaching the baseline value or even exceeding it (trauma patients). In the PTX-treated patients, platelet aggregation was significantly less impaired (sepsis group: ADP –4.4±3.3 rel%) or even increased beyond baseline values in the first few days of the study (trauma group: ADP 16.1±8.0 rel%). Fibrinogen plasma levels were lower in the non-treated control groups (p〈0.05) than in the PTX groups. Conclusions: Continuous infusion of PTX for 5 days did not impair platelet function in critically ill patients. In both trauma and sepsis patients, the usual deterioration in platelet function was even attenuated, which may be due to the effects of PTX on cytokine release (e.g., reduction in tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1), improvement in microcirculation, or additional fibrinolytic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01709740
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A versatile all-glass GC/MS interface for capillary columns (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 225-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: GC/MS Interface ; Glass ; Open split ; HMDS glass surface deactivation ; Glass capillary columns ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new all-glass interface for GC/MS designed to fully exploit the potential of glass capillary columns is described. The system works in the open split mode and has high versatility with respect to column changing. It is especially suitable for mass spectrometers, which are not exclusively dedicated to GC/MS work. Two chromatograms illustrate the properties of the described interface.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240020506
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glass capillary GC/MS of butter triglycerides (1979)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 2 (1979), S. 675-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Triglycerides ; GC/MS of triglycerides ; Capillary, glass ; All-glass GC/MS interface ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240021109
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation and evaluation of OV-240-OH coated glass capillary columns for isomer specific determination of PCDDs and PCDFs (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 10 (1987), S. 548-552 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Glass capillary gas chromatography ; Immobilization ; OV-240-OH cyanopropylpolysiloxane ; Isomer specificity ; Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins ; Polychlorinated dibenzofurans ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Glass capillaries were leached, dehydrated, persilylated with 1, 3-bis (3-cyanopropyl) tetramethyldisiloxane, and coated with OV-240-OH. After crosslinking and binding the phase to the glass surface the columns showed high separation efficiency, high temperature stability, and inertness comparable to persilylated apolar columns. Column performance is shown to be superior to liquid phase cyanopropyl columns such as SP 2330. The excellent separation capabilities together with the selectivity of the phase makes OV-240-OH coated columns a valuable tool for the determination of toxic isomers in complex mixtures of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs) and dibenzofurans (PCDFs). The order of elution of individual TCDD isomers was found to be similar to that described for SP 2330 or Silar 10c. The detection of PCDDs and PCDFs in a fly ash extract further illustrates the utility of OV-240-OH coated columns. The high temperature limit of these columns opens the way for the analysis of high boiling compounds such as mixed brominated/chlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240101004
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Hydrolyse von Eisen(III)-Salz-Lösungen. II Die Alterung der Hydrolyseprodukte (1975)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 417 (1975), S. 114-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Hydrolysis of Iron (III) Salt Solutions. II. Ageing of Hydrolysis ProductsThe long time ageing up to 15 years of the products obtained by alkalifying iron(III) chloride solutions to different neutralisation degrees has been studied. The concentration of the Fe3+ and the Cl- ions, the strength of the alkali, and the rate of its addition influence the results. Slow alkalifying produced up to 90% neutralisation β-FeOOH. The transformation of the amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide to β-FeOOH was promoted by a high concentration of the Cl- ions. When a large amount of amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide was formed, intimately intergrown crystals of α- and β-FeOOH resulted. On further ageing β-FeOOH transformed into α-FeOOH. At a degree of neutralisation of 95 and 100% transformation of the amorphous iron(III) oxidehydroxide into α-Fe2O3 occurred. The 100% neutralized precipitate, however, remained partly amorphous. Authors discuss the factors that determine very slow reactions leading to these results.
    Notes: Es wird über die Alterung (bis zu 15 Jahren) von Produkten berichtet, die durch Alkalisierung von Eisen(III)-chlorid-Lösung bis zu verschiedenen Neutralisationsgraden erhalten wurden. Die Konzentration an Fe3+- und Cl-_Ionen, die Alkalistärke und die Geschwindigkeit der Zugabe beeinflußten die Ergebnisse. Langsames Alkalisieren ergibt bis zu 90%iger Neutralisation β-FeOOH. Die Umwandlung des amorphen Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxids in β-FeOOH wird durch eine hohe Konzentration an Cl-_Ionen gefördert. Nach der Bildung einer größeren Menge von amorphem Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxid entstehen innig verwachsene Kristalle von α- und β-FeOOH. Bei weiterer Alterung geht β- in α-FeOOH über. Bei einer Neutralisation von 95 bis 100% erfolgt eine Umwandlung des amorphen Eisen(III)-oxidhydroxids in α-Fe2O3. Zu 100% neutralisierte Niederschläge verbleiben jedoch teilweise amorph. Die Autoren diskutieren die Faktoren, die die sehr langsame Reaktion bestimmen und zu diesen Ergebnissen führen.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19754170207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Titantetrafluorid - Eine überraschend einfache Kolumnarstruktur (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 621 (1995), S. 1227-1231 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: TiF4 ; preparation, single crystal structure ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Titanium Tetrafluoride - a Surprising Simple Column StructureFor the first time single crystals of TiF4 have been obtained by solvothermal decomposition of (O2)2Ti7F30 in anhydrous HF. The colourless, transparent needles crystallize orthorhombic in spacegroup Pnma-D2h16 (No. 62) with a = 2 281.1, b = 384.8, c = 956.8 pm, Z = 12. The new type of structure is dominated by isolated columns of corner-linked TiF6-octahedra.
    Notes: Durch Solvothermalsynthese in wasserfreier HF gelang es endlich erstmals, TiF4 aus (O2)2Ti7F30 in Form solcher Einkristalle darzustellen, die eine Strukturbestimmung ermöglichten. Die farblosen, transparenten Nadeln kristallisieren in der Raumgruppe Pnma-D2h16 (Nr. 62) mit a = 2 281,1, b = 384,8, c = 956,8 pm, Z = 12. TiF4 bildet einen eigenen Strukturtyp, dessen charakteristisches Merkmal von einander isolierte, aus TiF6-Oktaedern aufgebaute Säulen sind (Kolumnarstruktur).
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19956210720
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einige Umsetzungen am Cholestantriol (1937)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 70 (1937), S. 1947-1952 
    Details
    ISSN: 0365-9631
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19370700918
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