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  • Chocolate  (2)
  • Cromakalim  (2)
  • Adrenal cortex  (1)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0924-2031
    Keywords: Chocolate ; Cocoa ; Infrared spectrometry ; Sensory panel
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0003-2670
    Keywords: Chocolate ; Cocoa ; Infrared spectrometry ; Sensory panel
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 350 (1994), S. 158-166 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Alinidine ; Bradycardia ; Cromakalim ; Imidazolines ; K+ channels ; K+ channel antagonists ; Rat thoracic aorta ; Rat spontaneously beating right atria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Alinidine, and eight derivatives, were synthesized and tested for their ability to antagonise the actions of the K+ channel opener cromakalim in rat thoracic aorta, and for their ability to induce bradycardia in rat isolated spontaneously beating right atria. Ring segments of rat thoracic aorta were suspended in organ baths to record isometric tension. Tissues were precontracted with K+(20 mM), and full concentration-relaxation curves constructed to cromakalim (0.01–30 μM) in the absence and presence of increasing concentrations of alinidine/derivative. The majority of the compounds tested caused rightward shifts in the cromakalim concentration-effect curves. Rat spontaneously beating right atria were suspended in organ baths to record rate of contraction. Addition of alinidine/derivative caused a concentration-dependent negative chronotropic response. In terms of structure-activity relationships, increasing the length of the N-allyl side-chain on the alinidine molecule (from 3 carbon (3C), to 5 C) resulted in a significant increase in the activity of the compounds as both bradycardic agents and cromakalim antagonists. The most potent compounds in both cases (bradycardic agent and cromakalim antagonist) had no double bond in the side chain. The results suggest that the carbon side-chain influences the activity of alinidine-related compounds both as cromakalim antagonists and as bradycardic agents. However, while similar structure-activity relationships appear to apply for both effects in some instances, there was no significant correlation between the two actions of the alinidine analogues. The results suggest that the ability of alinidine-derivatives to induce bradycardia or to block K+ channels opened by cromakalim can be differentiated on the basis of structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 343 (1991), S. 519-524 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Keywords: Cromakalim ; K+ channels ; Dog coronary artery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isometric force development was measured in isolated ring segments of dog left anterior descending coronary artery to K+ (10–70 mM), U-46619 (0.3–30 nM), endothelin-1 (0.1–30 nM), 5-HT (0.1–30 μM) and angiotensin-II (0.1–30 nM), Compared with the maximum tissue response to a K+ depolarizing solution (100%) there was a marked variation in the maximum response to each spasmogen: K+ (111%), U-46619 (85%), endothelin-1 (48%), 5-HT (49%) and angiotensin-II (15%). In arteries pretreated with cromakalim (0.3–10 μM) the maximum response to all constrictor agents (with the exception of K+) was reduced but the potency was unaffected. Maximum responses to angiotensin-II and 5-HT were affected at concentrations approximately threefold lower than those to endothelin-1 and U-46619. Removal of the endothelium increased the maximum response caused by 5-HT and reduced the potency of cromakalim in inhibiting this contraction. Glyceryl trinitrate and sodium nitroprusside were 100–1000 times more potent than cromakalim although they produced qualitatively similar effects. Cromakalim is an effective spasmolytic against a number of vasoconstrictors in the dog coronary artery. No marked spasmogen selectivity could be identified for Comakalim that was not shown by glyceryl trinitrate or sodium nitroprusside.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Cristae ; 3D structure ; Hepatocytes ; Fibroblasts ; Adrenal cortex ; Brown fat ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Rat adrenal cortex was processed for high resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) to confirm tubular cristae, reported by transmission electron microscopy to be present in cortex mitochondria. Mitochondria in several other tissue and cell types were also observed and their ultrastructure confirmed by using three-dimensional, stereo, high resolution scanning electron microscopy. The mitochondria in rat and human hepatocytes as well as human skin fibroblasts mitochondria proved to be long, up to 46 micrometers and branching, as compared to those in liver which were spherical in shape. Cold adapted brown fat cells were packed with mitochondria, these containing plate or shelf-like cristae. Branched, rat striated muscle mitochondria were observed to curve around contractile protein filament bundles. The muscle mitochondrial cristae were found to be both tubular and plate-like, within the same mitochondrion. The ratio of tubular cristae to plate-like cristae varied considerably between muscle mitochondria. In order to use ultrastructural changes in mitochondria for differential diagnosis, and because 3D reconstruction of mitochondria based on transmission electron microscopy serial sections is severely limited in resolution, it is imperative to first develop a correct understanding of tissue specific, normal mitochondrial ultrastructure based on three-dimensional, HRSEM methods. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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