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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Aedes aegypti ; Midgut epithelium ; Cytology ; Morphometry ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Ultrastruktur des Mitteldarmes von Aedes aegypti Weibchen wurde morphometrisch untersucht. Besonderes Interesse lag dabei auf quantitativen Unterschieden im Bau der Epithelzellen eines vorderen (A) und eines hinteren (P) Abschnittes des Mitteldarmes, um jedem dieser beiden Abschnitte bestimmte Funktionen zuordnen zu können. 5 physiologisch verschiedene Stadien wurden verglichen: 1 = unreife Weibchen; 2 = zum 1. Blutmahl (B.M.) bereit; 3 = Verdauung des B.M.; 4 = zum 2. B.M. bereit; 5 = alternde Weibchen. Wenn der Mitteldarm noch nicht funktionsbereit ist (Stadium 1) gleichen sich die Epithelzellen von A und P quantitativ ultrastrukturell. In den folgenden Stadien hingegen werden deutliche Unterschiede sichtbar. Das Zellvolumen und die Kern-Cytoplasma-Relation werden in P generell größer als in A. Parallel dazu nehmen der Mitochondriengehalt und die Oberfläche des rauhen endoplasmatischen Retikulums in P gegenüber A zu. In A entwickeln sich mehr Microvilli, ein extensiveres basales Labyrinth und ein deutliches glattes endoplasmatisches Retikulum. Vergrößerte Cytoplasmavolumina vor allem in den P-Zellen werden 24 Std. nach dem 1. B.M. gefunden (Stadium 3). Parallel dazu erreichen die Volumina der Organellen und/oder ihre Membranoberflächen ebenfalls Maximalwerte. Diese Vergrößerung des gesamten Zell-apparates läßt den Schluß zu, daß während der Blutverdauung die Funktionskapazität des Mitteldarmes erhöht ist. Basierend auf den quantitativ ultrastrukturellen Unterschieden zwischen den Zellen von A und P wurde postuliert, daß dem vorderen Abschnitt des Mitteldarms verstärkte Absorptionsfunktionen zukommen. Dem hinteren Abschnitt hingegen wurden gesteigerte Protein-syntheseleistungen im Zusammenhang mit der Bildung von Verdauungsenzymen zugeordnet. Die vorliegenden Resultate wurden an einem, in Beziehung auf seine Ernährung, spezialisierten Insekt gewonnen (Blutverdauung). Trotzdem scheint die postulierte Zuordnung von Funktionen zu bestimmten Mitteldarmzonen mit dem “secretion—absorption”-Modell (Berridge, 1970) übereinzustimmen.
    Notes: Summary The ultrastructure of the midgut of Aedes aegypti females was investigated by means of morphometric techniques. The interest was focussed on quantitative differences in the composition of epithelial cells between the anterior (A) and posterior (P) part of the midgut. The aim was to attribute defined functions to each of these 2 parts. 5 different physiological stages were compared: 1 = immature female; 2 = ready for first blood meal (b.m.); 3 = digestion of b.m.; 4 = ready for 2nd b.m.; 5 = aging female. Whereas in stage 1, when the gut has not yet reached a functional state the epithelial cells of A and P resemble each other, distinct differences develop in subsequent stages. Generally the cell volume and the nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio become higher in P than in A. Concomitantly the mitochondrial content and the surface area of the rough endoplasmic reticulum are more prominent in P than in A. On the other hand more microvilli, a more extensive basal labyrinth and a well developed smooth endoplasmic reticulum are present in A. Enlarged cytoplasmic volumes, especially high in P, are found 24 h after the first b.m. (stage 3). In accordance with this increase the volume of organelles and/or their membrane surface areas also reach maximal values. This augmentation of the metabolic cell apparatus suggests that during blood digestion the whole organ develops an increased functional capacity. From the quantitative structural differences in A and P we concluded that the A-part of the midgut is especially involved in absorption. To the P-part more protein synthesis may be attributed, thus indicating an enhanced formation of digestive enzymes. Although this study deals with a rather specialised insect (blood digestion), it appears that our hypothesis attributing functions to defined midgut zones, agrees to a certain extent with the “secretion-absorption-model” of Berridge (1970).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 237 (1993), S. 38-48 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Lung development ; Fetal rats ; Lung compartments ; Lung parenchyma ; Airways ; Pulmonary vasculature ; Cellular differentiation ; Morphometry ; Reference space ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Applying the zone concept described previously, we quantitatively analyzed fetal rat lung development. The zone concept allowed us to coherently define reference spaces in the developing lung, a prerequisite for morphometric analysis.The peripheral zone I corresponds to a zone of growth of yet undifferentiated tissues; zone II arises from zone I and represents a region of structural and cellular differentiation; zones III and IV comprise the conducting airways and vessels.Lungs of fetal rats aged 17-23 days and 20 hours postnatal were fixed with OsO4 and glutaraldehyde and processed for light and electron microscopic morphometry implemented by point and intersection counting.Fetal lung volume grew in proportion to body weight. Zone II being the largest compartment, its volume changes largely determined lung growth rates. Zone II increased in mass owing to differentiation processes at the interface to zone I where the proximal portions of zone I were continuously shifted into zone II by differentiation. New tissue was generated within zone I. Due to these combined processes zone I changed little in volume until it disappeared at the end of the canalicular stage. The presence in the pseudoglandular stage of half of the parenchymal epithelial mass available around birth indicated that parenchymal development started earlier than assumed so far.While the endothelial surface increased most at birth, the epithelial surface grew by more than 600% at day 21, reflecting the onset of canalisation.The study confirmed the usefulness of the zone concept for morphometry and provided some new insights into lung development. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 234 (1992), S. 399-418 
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Lung development ; Lung compartments ; Lung parenchyma ; Airways ; Pulmonary vasculature ; Cellular differentiation ; Morphometry ; Reference space ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The primary aim of this morphological investigation was to elaborate a concept allowing us to coherently define reference spaces for morphometric analysis of fetal lung development. Beyond this quantitative goal, morphological analysis of cell types, definition of compartments, and reflection about the prospective fate of their constitutents provided per se new insights into the developmental processes.Lungs of rat fetuses aged 17-23 days and newborns aged 20 hours were fixed with an osmium tetroxide and glutaraldehyde mixture and their volume determined. Left lungs were embedded in Epon and investigated by light and electron microscopy. The right lung of one animal per group was embedded in methacrylate and step sections obtained to precisely locate the airways within the mesenchyme.The various cell types, their topographical relationships, and their morphological alterations with ongoing development were analyzed with regard to their prospective potentials of differentiation.The developing lung could be partitioned into four zones further subdivided into defined compartments. Zone I forms a superficial mantle around the lobes and the future acini. Consisting of primitive mesenchymal cells, it represents a zone of growth which disappears with the onset of the saccular stage. Zone II is mainly a zone of differentiation. Its interstitium stains intensely due to a dense population of dark cells. Up to gestational day 19, zone II contains future conductive airways with their vessels. After day 21, it comprises the whole prospective gas exchange region. Zones III and IV contain the elements of the airway tree and vascular system, zone IV corresponding to the most proximal generations with an adventitial layer. For all differentiation processes, a centrifugal directionality is manifested.© Willey-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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